Daily Experience in Adolescence and Biomarkers of Early Risk for Adult Health

说明(申请人提供)：尽管呼吁确定慢性健康状况发展的早期风险因素，但对25岁以下的人进行的关于健康生物标志物的纵向研究很少。此外，对于拉丁美洲和亚洲背景的青少年成人健康早期风险的生物学指数是如何发展的，人们只有最低限度的了解。拉美和亚洲背景的青少年是美国上升最快的两个种族群体，与欧洲裔美国人相比，他们面临着不同的健康后果风险。了解这些进程对于开展与族裔和文化有关的预防工作是必要的。我们建议对来自墨西哥、中国和欧洲背景的青少年及其照顾者进行3波纵向研究，以评估日常经验对成人健康早期风险生物学指标的影响。我们对日常体验的关注源于需要确定人口调查中确定的全球社会因素，如较低的教育和收入，在个人日常生活中发挥作用的机制。日常经历，如社会冲突、过度需求、情绪困扰、威胁和睡眠行为，已被证明与全球风险因素和成年人健康风险的多个生物学指标有关。该项目将包括来自青少年及其父母的密集的行为评估和详细的健康风险生物学标记，以解决以下具体目标：(1)描述青春期成人健康早期风险生物学指数的发展；(2)评估日常经验在早期健康风险发展中的作用；(3)检查早期健康风险方面存在的种族差异；以及(4)探索潜在保护因素在早期健康风险发展中的作用。大约540对青少年和主要照顾者(每个族裔180对)将在青少年大约15-16岁、17-18岁和19-20岁时接受评估。每年，青少年和照顾者都将参加访谈，其中包括对全球社会因素(如社会经济背景)和潜在保护因素(如社会联系)的衡量。参与者将连续9天使用每晚日记核对表报告日常经历。为了分析HPA的活动，参与者将在其中4天每天4个时间点获取唾液皮质醇，并在相同的4天内佩戴腕部活动记录器来测量目标睡眠行为。将评估血压、BMI和腰臀比，并获得用于评估C-反应蛋白(CRP)、胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的干血斑点。最后，120个家庭的外周血液样本将用于评估血浆IL-6(一种促炎症细胞因子)，并用于推动炎症生物学的分子信号通路的基因表达分析。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite calls for the identification of early risk factors for the development of chronic health conditions, there has been little longitudinal research on biomarkers of health that has been conducted in persons younger than 25 years of age. In addition, there is only a minimal understanding of how biological indices of early risk for adult health develop among adolescents with Latin American and Asian backgrounds, the two fastest rising ethnic groups in the United States, who are at differential risk for adverse health outcomes as compared to European Americans. An understanding of these processes is necessary for the development of ethnically and culturally relevant prevention efforts. We propose a 3-wave longitudinal study of adolescents and their caregivers from Mexican, Chinese and European backgrounds in order to assess the impact of daily experience on biological indicators of early risk for adult health. Our focus on daily experience stems from the need to identify the mechanisms by which global social factors identified in demographic surveys, such as lower education and income, play themselves out in individuals' daily lives. Daily experiences such as social conflict, excessive demands, emotional distress, threat, and sleep behaviors have been shown to be linked to both global risk factors and multiple biological indices of health risk among adults. The project will include both intensive behavioral assessments and detailed biological markers of health risk from both adolescents and their parents in order to address the following specific aims: (1) describe the development during adolescence of biological indices of early risk for adult health; (2) assess the role of daily experience in the development of early health risk; (3) examine the existence of ethnic disparities in early health risk; and (4) explore the role of potential protective factors in the development of early health risk. Approximately 540 pairs of adolescents and primary caregivers (180 from each ethnic group) will be assessed when the adolescents are approximately 15-16, 17-18, and 19-20 years of age. Each year, both adolescents and caregivers will participate in interviews that include measures of global social factors such as socioeconomic background and potential protective factors such as social connectedness. Participants will report daily experiences using a nightly diary checklist for 9 consecutive days. Salivary cortisol will be obtained at 4 time points each day for 4 of these days in order to analyze HPA activity, and participants will wear wrist actigraphs for the same 4 days to measure objective sleep behaviors. Blood pressure, BMI, and waist/hip ratio will be assessed, and dried blood spots will be obtained for the assessment of c-reactive-protein (CRP), cholesterol, and high density lipoproteins (HDL). Finally, peripheral blood samples will be provided by a subsample of 120 families for the assessment of plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and for gene expression analyses of molecular signaling pathways driving inflammatory biology.