Daily Experience in Adolescence and Biomarkers of Early Risk for Adult Health

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管呼吁识别慢性健康状况发展的早期风险因素，但对 25 岁以下人群进行的健康生物标志物的纵向研究却很少。此外，对于拉丁美洲和亚洲背景的青少年（美国增长最快的两个族裔群体）成人健康早期风险的生物学指标如何发展知之甚少，与欧洲裔美国人相比，他们面临着不同的不良健康结果风险。了解这些过程对于制定与种族和文化相关的预防工作是必要的。 我们建议对来自墨西哥、中国和欧洲背景的青少年及其照顾者进行三波纵向研究，以评估日常经历对成人健康早期风险生物指标的影响。我们对日常体验的关注源于需要确定人口调查中确定的全球社会因素（例如较低的教育和收入）在个人日常生活中发挥作用的机制。社会冲突、过度要求、情绪困扰、威胁和睡眠行为等日常经历已被证明与成人健康风险的全球风险因素和多种生物指数有关。 该项目将包括青少年及其父母的密集行为评估和详细的健康风险生物标记，以实现以下具体目标：（1）描述青春期成人健康早期风险生物指数的发展情况； (2)评估日常经验在早期健康风险发展中的作用； (3) 检查早期健康风险是否存在种族差异； (4)探讨潜在保护因素在早期健康风险发展中的作用。 大约 540 对青少年和主要照顾者（每个民族 180 人）将在青少年大约 15-16、17-18 和 19-20 岁时接受评估。每年，青少年和照顾者都会参加访谈，其中包括对社会经济背景等全球社会因素和社会联系等潜在保护因素的衡量。参与者将使用夜间日记清单报告连续 9 天的日常经历。将在其中 4 天每天 4 个时间点获取唾液皮质醇，以分析 HPA 活动，参与者将在同样的 4 天中佩戴腕部活动记录仪来测量客观睡眠行为。将评估血压、BMI 和腰臀比，并获得干燥血点以评估 C 反应蛋白 (CRP)、胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白 (HDL)。最后，外周血样本将由 120 个家族的子样本提供，用于评估血浆白介素 6 (IL-6)（一种促炎细胞因子），以及驱动炎症生物学的分子信号通路的基因表达分析。 公共卫生相关性：对于拉丁美洲和亚洲背景的青少年（美国增长最快的两个族裔群体）成人健康早期风险的生物指标如何发展的了解甚少，与欧洲裔美国人相比，他们的不良健康结果风险不同。对这些人群中青少年的日常生活进行更深入的研究可以确定这些差异的根源以及独特的风险和保护因素。了解这些过程对于制定与种族和文化相关的预防工作是必要的。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite calls for the identification of early risk factors for the development of chronic health conditions, there has been little longitudinal research on biomarkers of health that has been conducted in persons younger than 25 years of age. In addition, there is only a minimal understanding of how biological indices of early risk for adult health develop among adolescents with Latin American and Asian backgrounds, the two fastest rising ethnic groups in the United States, who are at differential risk for adverse health outcomes as compared to European Americans. An understanding of these processes is necessary for the development of ethnically and culturally relevant prevention efforts. We propose a 3-wave longitudinal study of adolescents and their caregivers from Mexican, Chinese and European backgrounds in order to assess the impact of daily experience on biological indicators of early risk for adult health. Our focus on daily experience stems from the need to identify the mechanisms by which global social factors identified in demographic surveys, such as lower education and income, play themselves out in individuals' daily lives. Daily experiences such as social conflict, excessive demands, emotional distress, threat, and sleep behaviors have been shown to be linked to both global risk factors and multiple biological indices of health risk among adults. The project will include both intensive behavioral assessments and detailed biological markers of health risk from both adolescents and their parents in order to address the following specific aims: (1) describe the development during adolescence of biological indices of early risk for adult health; (2) assess the role of daily experience in the development of early health risk; (3) examine the existence of ethnic disparities in early health risk; and (4) explore the role of potential protective factors in the development of early health risk. Approximately 540 pairs of adolescents and primary caregivers (180 from each ethnic group) will be assessed when the adolescents are approximately 15-16, 17-18, and 19-20 years of age. Each year, both adolescents and caregivers will participate in interviews that include measures of global social factors such as socioeconomic background and potential protective factors such as social connectedness. Participants will report daily experiences using a nightly diary checklist for 9 consecutive days. Salivary cortisol will be obtained at 4 time points each day for 4 of these days in order to analyze HPA activity, and participants will wear wrist actigraphs for the same 4 days to measure objective sleep behaviors. Blood pressure, BMI, and waist/hip ratio will be assessed, and dried blood spots will be obtained for the assessment of c-reactive-protein (CRP), cholesterol, and high density lipoproteins (HDL). Finally, peripheral blood samples will be provided by a subsample of 120 families for the assessment of plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and for gene expression analyses of molecular signaling pathways driving inflammatory biology. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: There is only a minimal understanding of how biological indices of early risk for adult health develop among adolescents with Latin American and Asian backgrounds, the two fastest rising ethnic groups in the United States, who are at differential risk for adverse health outcomes as compared to European American. More in-depth examinations of the daily lives of adolescents from these populations could identify both the sources of these disparities as well as unique risk and protective factors. An understanding of these processes is necessary for the development of ethnically and culturally relevant prevention efforts.