Neural Mechanisms of Cost and Benefit Integration During Decision-Making

决策过程中成本与收益整合的神经机制

• 批准号: 8750036
• 负责人: PAUL W GLIMCHER
• 金额: $ 34.87万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-15 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8750036
• 关键词: Anterior; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Clinic; Clinical; Costs and Benefits; Data; Decision Making; Disease; Drug abuse; Failure; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Habits; Human; Individual; Link; Literature; Measurement; Measures; Monkeys; Muscimol; Neurons; Obesity; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Patients; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Population; Process; Psychophysics; Rewards; Role; Smoker; Smoking; Sum; System; Testing; Translations; Uncertainty; Work; clinically relevant; cost; design; food consumption; frontal lobe; interest; neuromechanism; oculomotor; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; substance abuser; translational study

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Making decisions efficiently is the process of weighing costs and benefits. And while enormous progress has been made in the last two decades towards understanding the neural mechanisms by which humans and monkeys weigh benefits, much less is known about how the brains of these species weigh costs. There is, however, growing evidence from both humans and monkeys indicating that costs and benefits may be encoded by distinct neural systems and integrated quite late in the decision cascade. Here we propose a set of simple experiments designed to orthogonalize costs and benefits during human and monkey decision-making while we measure - and manipulate - neural activity in a suite of decision-related areas. Our goal is to test the hypothesis that separate anterior areas (mostly in the frontal cortex) maintain separate representations of costs and benefits, representations that are subsequently integrated for choice (in oculomotor tasks) in what are often called the fronto-parietal choice circuits. To test this hypothesis we propose a complementary set of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) experiments in humans and single unit recording and muscimol inactivation experiments in monkeys. The fMRI experiments allow for a large-scale whole-brain test of our hypothesis. The single unit studies allow a rigorous quantitative measurement of the degree of cost and benefit representation in each area and the ability to establish a causal for some or all of these areas in cost benefit integration.

描述（由申请人提供）：有效地做出决策是权衡成本和收益的过程。尽管过去二十年在理解人类和猴子权衡利益的神经机制方面取得了巨大进展，但人们对这些物种的大脑如何权衡成本的了解却少之又少。然而，来自人类和猴子的越来越多的证据表明，成本和收益可能由不同的神经系统编码，并在决策级联的后期整合。在这里，我们提出了一组简单的实验，旨在正交化人类和猴子决策过程中的成本和收益，同时我们测量和操纵一系列决策相关领域的神经活动。我们的目标是检验这样的假设：单独的前部区域（主要在额叶皮层）维持着成本和收益的单独表示，这些表示随后在通常称为额顶叶选择回路中进行整合以供选择（在动眼神经任务中）。为了检验这一假设，我们提出了一组互补的人类功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 实验以及猴子的单单位记录和蝇蕈醇灭活实验。功能磁共振成像实验可以对我们的假设进行大规模的全脑测试。单一单元研究可以对每个领域的成本和效益表征程度进行严格的定量测量，并能够在成本效益整合中确定部分或全部这些领域的因果关系。