Obesogenic environment: impact on breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer risk

描述（由申请人提供）：致肥环境以人为的或可改变的个人环境为特征，如获取食物来源、体育活动场所和影响肥胖的身体特征，是癌症研究中一个未被充分研究的领域，具有通过改善环境中健康饮食和体育活动机会的方法来减轻癌症负担的巨大潜力。本建议的目的是了解社区水平的肥胖因素对乳腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌风险的影响，同时仔细考虑非洲裔美国人和拉丁裔美国人的个人水平的健康行为和遗传易感性。我们建议在Aim 1中量化社区水平和个人水平肥胖相关因素对多种族队列研究中非洲裔美国人和拉丁美洲人乳腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌风险的独立和联合影响。我们将从82545名非洲裔美国人和拉丁裔美国人中前瞻性地收集个人层面的数据，与地理编码普查和地理信息系统数据联系起来，以获得社区层面的肥胖因素数据。接下来，我们将测试基线社区水平和个人水平的肥胖因素与乳腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌发病率之间的关系。多种族队列是一个特点很好的资源，其后续资料自1993年成立以来长达17年。在目的2中，我们将研究非裔美国人和拉丁裔美国人中，随着时间的推移，社区水平的肥胖因素变化和居住迁移对乳腺癌、结肠直肠癌和前列腺癌风险的独立和联合影响。在癌症风险的前瞻性分析中，我们将重点关注社区水平的致肥因素，这些因素从基线（即由于重新开发/忽视而导致社区变化的同一个人地址）和有目的的住宅迁移（即地址变化）发生变化。我们最后的目标3将通过已知的肥胖、体重指数和非裔美国人和拉丁美洲人的癌症易感位点来研究社区水平的致肥效应的异质性。这一目标将利用现有的这些变异基因型数据，这些数据来自我们在非裔美国人和拉丁美洲人中进行的嵌套病例对照研究：乳腺癌（病例/对照=1239/1603）、结直肠癌（病例/对照=675/1225）和前列腺癌（病例/对照=2275/2275）。本文的优势在于：1)研究的创新性；2)多学科调查小组，3)有效利用现有资源，以及4)科学和公共卫生意义，特别是在研究不足的少数民族人口方面。本研究获得的知识可能会对乳腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌发展的多层次途径产生重要的见解，并应用这些信息可能会改善这些常见癌症的预防。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The obesogenic environment characterized by man-made or modifiable aspects of an individual's surroundings such as access to food sources, physical activity venues, and physical features affecting obesity, represents an understudied area in cancer research with significant potential to reduce the burden of cancer through approaches that improve opportunities within the environment for healthy eating and physical activity. The goal of this proposal is to understand the effects of neighborhood-level obesogenic factors on risks of breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer with careful consideration of individual-level health behaviors and genetic predisposition among African Americans and Latinos. We propose in Aim 1 to quantify the independent and joint effects of neighborhood-level and individual-level obesity-related factors on breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer risk among African Americans and Latinos of the Multiethnic Cohort Study. We will link prospectively collected individual-level data from 82,545 African Americans and Latinos to geocoded census and geographic information systems data to obtain neighborhood-level data on obesogenic factors. Next, we will test the association between baseline neighborhood-level and individual-level obesogenic factors and incidence of breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers. The Multiethnic Cohort constitutes a well-characterized resource, having follow-up information that spans up to 17 years since its inception in 1993. In Aim 2 we will examine the independent and joint effects of change in neighborhood-level obesogenic factors over time and residential moves on breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer risk among African Americans and Latinos. We will focus on neighborhood-level obesogenic factors that change from baseline (i.e. same individual address with neighborhood changes due to redevelopment/neglect) and purposeful residential moves (i.e. change in address) in a prospective analysis of cancer risk. Our final Aim 3 will examine heterogeneity in neighborhood- level obesogenic effects by known obesity, body mass index, and cancer susceptibility loci among African Americans and Latinos. This aim will capitalize on existing genotype data for these variants from our nested case-control studies of breast cancer (cases/controls=1239/1603), colorectal cancer (cases/controls=675/1225), and prostate cancer (cases/controls=2275/2275) among African Americans and Latinos. The strengths of this proposal include: 1) the innovativeness of the research; 2) the multi-disciplinary investigative team, 3) the efficient use of existing resources, and 4) the scientific and public health significance, especially in regards to understudied minority populations. The knowledge gained by this study may lead to important insight into the multilevel pathways of breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer development, and applying this information may improve the prevention of these common cancers.