Obesogenic environment: impact on breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer risk

描述（由申请人提供）：致胖环境的特征是个人周围环境的人造或可改变的方面，例如获取食物来源、体育活动场所和影响肥胖的身体特征，代表了癌症研究中的一个尚未充分研究的领域，具有通过改善环境中健康饮食和体育活动机会的方法来减轻癌症负担的巨大潜力。该提案的目标是了解社区层面的肥胖因素对乳腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌风险的影响，同时仔细考虑非裔美国人和拉丁裔美国人的个人健康行为和遗传倾向。我们在目标 1 中建议量化邻里层面和个人层面的肥胖相关因素对多种族队列研究中非裔美国人和拉丁裔乳腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌风险的独立和联合影响。我们将把前瞻性收集的 82,545 名非裔美国人和拉丁美洲人的个人数据与地理编码的人口普查和地理信息系统数据联系起来，以获得有关肥胖因素的社区数据。接下来，我们将测试基线邻里水平和个人水平的肥胖因素与乳腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌发病率之间的关联。多种族队列构成了一个特征明确的资源，拥有自 1993 年成立以来长达 17 年的跟踪信息。在目标 2 中，我们将研究社区层面的肥胖因素随时间的变化以及居住搬迁对非裔美国人和拉丁裔的乳腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌风险的独立和联合影响。在癌症风险的前瞻性分析中，我们将重点关注相对于基线发生变化的社区层面肥胖因素（即由于重建/疏忽而导致社区变化的同一个人地址）和有目的的居住搬迁（即地址变化）。我们的最终目标 3 将通过非裔美国人和拉丁美洲人中已知的肥胖、体重指数和癌症易感性位点来检查社区层面肥胖效应的异质性。这一目标将利用我们对非裔美国人和拉丁裔乳腺癌（病例/对照=1239/1603）、结直肠癌（病例/对照=675/1225）和前列腺癌（病例/对照=2275/2275）的嵌套病例对照研究中这些变异的现有基因型数据。该提案的优点包括：1）研究的创新性； 2) 多学科调查团队，3) 有效利用现有资源，以及 4) 科学和公共卫生意义，特别是对于未充分研究的少数群体。这项研究获得的知识可能有助于深入了解乳腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌发展的多层次途径，并且应用这些信息可能会改善这些常见癌症的预防。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The obesogenic environment characterized by man-made or modifiable aspects of an individual's surroundings such as access to food sources, physical activity venues, and physical features affecting obesity, represents an understudied area in cancer research with significant potential to reduce the burden of cancer through approaches that improve opportunities within the environment for healthy eating and physical activity. The goal of this proposal is to understand the effects of neighborhood-level obesogenic factors on risks of breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer with careful consideration of individual-level health behaviors and genetic predisposition among African Americans and Latinos. We propose in Aim 1 to quantify the independent and joint effects of neighborhood-level and individual-level obesity-related factors on breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer risk among African Americans and Latinos of the Multiethnic Cohort Study. We will link prospectively collected individual-level data from 82,545 African Americans and Latinos to geocoded census and geographic information systems data to obtain neighborhood-level data on obesogenic factors. Next, we will test the association between baseline neighborhood-level and individual-level obesogenic factors and incidence of breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers. The Multiethnic Cohort constitutes a well-characterized resource, having follow-up information that spans up to 17 years since its inception in 1993. In Aim 2 we will examine the independent and joint effects of change in neighborhood-level obesogenic factors over time and residential moves on breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer risk among African Americans and Latinos. We will focus on neighborhood-level obesogenic factors that change from baseline (i.e. same individual address with neighborhood changes due to redevelopment/neglect) and purposeful residential moves (i.e. change in address) in a prospective analysis of cancer risk. Our final Aim 3 will examine heterogeneity in neighborhood- level obesogenic effects by known obesity, body mass index, and cancer susceptibility loci among African Americans and Latinos. This aim will capitalize on existing genotype data for these variants from our nested case-control studies of breast cancer (cases/controls=1239/1603), colorectal cancer (cases/controls=675/1225), and prostate cancer (cases/controls=2275/2275) among African Americans and Latinos. The strengths of this proposal include: 1) the innovativeness of the research; 2) the multi-disciplinary investigative team, 3) the efficient use of existing resources, and 4) the scientific and public health significance, especially in regards to understudied minority populations. The knowledge gained by this study may lead to important insight into the multilevel pathways of breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer development, and applying this information may improve the prevention of these common cancers.