Connecting Brain and Behavior in the Very Brief Exposure Effect

在非常短暂的暴露效应中连接大脑和行为

基本信息

批准号：
8724563
负责人：
BRADLEY S PETERSON
金额：
$ 24.88万
依托单位：
COLLEGE AT PURCHASE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-09-01 至 2017-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8724563
关键词：
Amygdaloid structure Anxiety Disorders Arousal Arts Awareness Basic Science Behavior Behavioral Belief Bypass Clinical Cognition Conscious Control Groups DSM-IV Data Diagnosis Disease Distress Event-Related Potentials Exposure to Extinction (Psychology)Flowers Fright Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Future Goals Image Institutes Interview Laboratories Learning Learning Disorders Life Link Magnetic Resonance Imaging Masks Measures Neurobiology New York Participant Patients Pattern Phobic anxiety disorder Pilot Projects Population Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders Prefrontal Cortex Principal Investigator Process Publishing Questionnaires Randomized Recruitment Activity Regulation Research Role Science Series Spiders Stimulus Structure Techniques Testing base brain behavior clinically significant college design experience in vivo indexing innovation neural patterning neurobiological mechanism novel prevent public health relevance research study response

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of the proposed research is to conduct the strictest test to date of the hypothesis that fear can be reduced without awareness. Two experiments will test this hypothesis with respect to brain and behavior in order to investigate novel processes of non-conscious fear reduction and their potential practical utility. This hypothesis challenges the prevailing clinical belief that a feared object must be directly confronted with full awareness in order to reduce fear of it. The experimental paradigm, very brief exposure, consists of a continuous series of backward masked phobic images (each for duration of 33-ms). A series of experiments has shown that VBE reduces avoidance of a feared object (Siegel, Anderson & Han, 2011; Weinberger, et al., 2011; Siegel & Weinberger, 2009), more than clearly visible exposure (CVE) to the same stimuli does (Siegel & Weinberger, 2012), and that the avoidance- reducing effect lasts for at least a year (Siegel & Warren, in press). An fMRI and behavioral experiment are designed to identify the learning mechanisms of VBE and link them to its effect on phobic avoidance. The fMRI experiment will be conducted at the MRI Laboratory of the New York State Psychiatric Institute. Twenty-six spider-phobic and twenty-six non-phobic participants will be recruited from liberal arts and science courses at Purchase College/SUNY with a widely used questionnaire, a Behavioral Avoidance Test (BAT), and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Diagnosis. Each of three types of exposure will be administered within-subjects: very brief (33.4-ms SOA) and clearly visible (119-ms SOA) images of spiders, and very brief images of flowers (control). Subjective fear is rated periodically throughout. VBE is expected to habituate amygdala activation in the absence of the experience of fear, whereas CVE will not habituate fear responses and induce subjective fear. The behavioral experiment will be conducted in the Principal Investigator's lab at Purchase College/SUNY. 80 spider-phobic participants - 26 from the fMRI experiment, and 74 others - will be recruited in the same manner. Based on baseline levels of avoidance of a live tarantula, they will be randomly assigned to exposure to very brief (33-ms SOA) images of either spiders or flowers (control group). These exposures will be administered each of three consecutive weeks, followed by in vivo exposure to a live tarantula. Subjective fear will be measured just before and after these exposures. Reduction of amygdala activation by VBE in the fMRI experiment will predict reduction of avoidance of the tarantula. VBE will reduce avoidance of a live tarantula after the first session. Control participants will not make the same gain until the 3rd session of n vivo exposure. The two subsequent VBE sessions will result in further gains. The proposed research will lay the groundwork for an R01 Proposal to further investigate neurobiological mechanisms of very brief exposure and test its effects on clinical populations.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究的目的是进行最严格的测试，迄今为止，假设可以减少恐惧而无需意识。两个实验将在大脑和行为上检验这一假设，以研究新的无意识恐惧减少及其潜在实用性的新过程。这一假设挑战了普遍的临床信念，即必须直接面对充分意识，以减少对此的恐惧。实验范式非常短暂的暴露，包括连续的一系列向后掩盖的恐惧图像（每个图像的持续时间为33毫秒）。一系列实验表明，VBE减少了恐惧物体的避免（Siegel，Anderson＆Han，2011; Weinberger等，2011; Siegel＆Weinberger，2009年），比同一刺激（Siegel＆Weinberger，2012年），以及避免了效果，并延续了同一刺激性，并且是对同一刺激的明显可见（CVE），并且是对的，并且是对造成的效果。在印刷中）。功能磁共振成像和行为实验旨在识别VBE的学习机制，并将其与其对恐惧症的影响联系起来。 FMRI实验将在纽约州精神病学研究所的MRI实验室进行。将从购买学院/SUNY的文科和科学课程中招募26名蜘蛛恐惧症和26名非恐惧参与者，其中包括广泛使用的问卷，避免行为避免测试（BAT），以及用于DSM-IV诊断的结构化临床访谈。三种类型的接触中的每一种都将在受试者内部进行：非常简短（33.4毫秒SOA）和蜘蛛的清晰可见（119毫秒SOA）图像，以及非常简短的花图像（对照）。主观恐惧在整个过程中被定期评估。预计VBE在没有恐惧的经验的情况下会习惯杏仁核的激活，而CVE不会习惯恐惧反应并引起主观恐惧。该行为实验将在购买学院/SUNY的首席研究员实验室中进行。 80名蜘蛛恐惧参与者 - fMRI实验中的26名和其他74个参与者将以相同的方式招募。基于避免活狼tar虫的基线水平，它们将被随机分配给蜘蛛或花朵（对照组）的非常简短的（33毫秒SOA）图像。这些暴露将连续三个星期进行，然后在体内暴露于活木tarantula。在这些暴露之前和之后，将衡量主观恐惧。 VBE在fMRI实验中减少杏仁核激活将预测避免狼蛛的避免。 VBE将在第一届会议后减少避免现场狼蛛。在N Vivo暴露的第三届会议之前，控制参与者不会获得相同的收益。随后的两个VBE会议将导致进一步的收益。拟议的研究将为R01提案奠定基础，以进一步研究非常短暂暴露的神经生物学机制，并测试其对临床人群的影响。