Alcohol Research Training: Methods & Mechanisms

酒精研究培训：方法

• 批准号: 8691613
• 负责人: BARBARA S MCCRADY
• 金额: $ 30.54万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8691613
• 关键词: Methods; Research Training; alcohol research

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The central aim of the proposed UNM Training Program, "Alcohol Research Training; Change Methods & Mechanisms," is to provide multidisciplinary pre- and post-doctoral training to prepare future scientists to conduct research to elucidate the processes of change in drinking behavior, develop and test effective methods to effect change through improved approaches to treatment and indicated prevention, and develop and test models of disseminate knowledge of effective interventions to diverse populations. Central questions that trainees will address include: (1) What factors stimulate change in at-risk and clinical populations? (2) What psychological, social, and biological mechanisms underlie successful change at the individual level? (3) How does modeling of different trajectories of change contribute to understanding change processes? (4) What types of interventions are more and less effective in creating long-term behavior change, and, equally important, what specific aspects of treatments account for their effectiveness? (5) How does the study of risk profiles (e.g. genetic, neurobiological, psychological, socio-environmental) contribute to understanding change processes and improving efforts to tailor interventions to groups with different risk profiles? (6) How do change processes and interventions vary based on individual differences (e.g. genetic profiles, socio-demographic characteristics, co-morbidity, social/cultural environment)? (7) What are effective and efficient approaches to disseminate knowledge about change? The proposed training program would support 4 pre-doctoral fellows, drawn from the Department of Psychology at the University of New Mexico. Four post-doctoral fellows, phased in over the first 3 years of the grant, will come from disciplines relevant to the goals of the training program, including psychology, sociology, communication, psychiatry, social work, and health economics. The program will be directed and run by the Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions (CASAA), a multidisciplinary center devoted to treatment, prevention, and epidemiological research on alcohol and other substance use disorders. The Mind Research Network (MRN), a private, non-profit neuroimaging center on the UNM campus, is an important contributing partner. CASAA investigators have a strong record of research on effective models for prevention and treatment to reduce alcohol-related harm, research on active ingredients of treatment and underlying mechanisms of change, and dissemination/diffusion research. The strong human neuroscience group at the MRN brings complementary research skills to the training program. RELEVANCE (See instructions): Heavy drinking and alcohol use disorders are major concerns for health and safety. Research has led to better prevention and treatment approaches, but outcomes are less than optimal. The proposed training grant draws upon multiple disciplines to prepare researchers to investigate the psychological, social, and biological mechanisms that underpin the process of change; apply this knowledge to developing and testing new models for prevention and treatment; and apply these models to underserved populations.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的UNM培训计划的中心目标，“酒精研究培训;改变方法和机制，”是提供多学科的博士前和博士后培训，以准备未来的科学家进行研究，以阐明饮酒行为的变化过程，开发和测试有效的方法，通过改进的治疗方法和预防措施，开发和测试向不同人群传播有效干预知识的模式。学员将解决的主要问题包括：（1）哪些因素刺激了高危人群和临床人群的变化？(2)在个人层面上，什么样的心理、社会和生物机制是成功改变的基础？(3)不同变化轨迹的建模如何有助于理解变化过程？(4)什么类型的干预措施在创造长期行为改变方面更有效和更不有效，同样重要的是，治疗的哪些具体方面决定了它们的有效性？(5)对风险状况（例如遗传、神经生物学、心理、社会环境）的研究如何有助于了解变化过程和改进针对不同风险状况群体采取干预措施的努力？(6)改变过程和干预措施如何根据个体差异而变化（例如遗传特征、社会人口特征、共病、社会/文化环境）？(7)传播有关变革的知识的有效和高效办法是什么？拟议的培训方案将支持4名博士前研究员，他们来自新墨西哥州大学心理学系。四名博士后研究员，在补助金的前3年分阶段进入，将来自与培训计划目标相关的学科，包括心理学，社会学，传播学，精神病学，社会工作和卫生经济学。该计划将由酒精中毒，物质滥用和成瘾中心（CASAA）指导和管理，该中心是一个多学科中心，致力于治疗，预防和对酒精和其他物质使用障碍的流行病学研究。思维研究网络（MRN）是新墨西哥大学校园内的一个私人非营利性神经成像中心，是一个重要的贡献合作伙伴。CASAA的研究人员在以下方面有着良好的记录：有效的预防和治疗模式，以减少酒精相关的伤害，治疗的活性成分和潜在的变化机制的研究，以及传播/扩散研究。MRN强大的人类神经科学小组为培训计划带来了补充研究技能。相关性（见说明）：大量饮酒和酒精使用障碍是健康和安全的主要问题。研究已导致更好的预防和治疗方法，但结果并非最佳。拟议的培训补助金借鉴了多个学科，使研究人员能够调查支持变化过程的心理，社会和生物机制;将这些知识应用于开发和测试新的预防和治疗模型;并将这些模型应用于服务不足的人群。