Alcohol Research Training: Methods & Mechanisms

酒精研究培训：方法

• 批准号: 7856192
• 负责人: BARBARA S MCCRADY
• 金额: $ 25.88万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7856192
• 关键词: Methods; Research Training; alcohol research

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The central aim of the proposed UNM Training Program, "Alcohol Research Training; Change Methods & Mechanisms," is to provide multidisciplinary pre- and post-doctoral training to prepare future scientists to conduct research to elucidate the processes of change in drinking behavior, develop and test effective methods to effect change through improved approaches to treatment and indicated prevention, and develop and test models of disseminate knowledge of effective interventions to diverse populations. Central questions that trainees will address include: (1) What factors stimulate change in at-risk and clinical populations? (2) What psychological, social, and biological mechanisms underlie successful change at the individual level? (3) How does modeling of different trajectories of change contribute to understanding change processes? (4) What types of interventions are more and less effective in creating long-term behavior change, and, equally important, what specific aspects of treatments account for their effectiveness? (5) How does the study of risk profiles (e.g. genetic, neurobiological, psychological, socio-environmental) contribute to understanding change processes and improving efforts to tailor interventions to groups with different risk profiles? (6) How do change processes and interventions vary based on individual differences (e.g. genetic profiles, socio-demographic characteristics, co-morbidity, social/cultural environment)? (7) What are effective and efficient approaches to disseminate knowledge about change? The proposed training program would support 4 pre-doctoral fellows, drawn from the Department of Psychology at the University of New Mexico. Four post-doctoral fellows, phased in over the first 3 years of the grant, will come from disciplines relevant to the goals of the training program, including psychology, sociology, communication, psychiatry, social work, and health economics. The program will be directed and run by the Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions (CASAA), a multidisciplinary center devoted to treatment, prevention, and epidemiological research on alcohol and other substance use disorders. The Mind Research Network (MRN), a private, non-profit neuroimaging center on the UNM campus, is an important contributing partner. CASAA investigators have a strong record of research on effective models for prevention and treatment to reduce alcohol-related harm, research on active ingredients of treatment and underlying mechanisms of change, and dissemination/diffusion research. The strong human neuroscience group at the MRN brings complementary research skills to the training program. RELEVANCE (See instructions): Heavy drinking and alcohol use disorders are major concerns for health and safety. Research has led to better prevention and treatment approaches, but outcomes are less than optimal. The proposed training grant draws upon multiple disciplines to prepare researchers to investigate the psychological, social, and biological mechanisms that underpin the process of change; apply this knowledge to developing and testing new models for prevention and treatment; and apply these models to underserved populations.

描述（由申请人提供）：新墨西哥大学拟议培训计划的中心目标是“酒精研究培训；“改变方法和机制”，旨在提供多学科的博士前和博士后培训，为未来的科学家做好准备，以开展研究，阐明饮酒行为改变的过程，开发和测试有效的方法，通过改进治疗和指示预防的方法来实现改变，并开发和测试模型，向不同人群传播有效干预的知识。学员将解决的核心问题包括：(1)哪些因素刺激了高危人群和临床人群的变化？(2)在个体层面上成功的改变背后有哪些心理、社会和生物机制？(3)不同变化轨迹的建模如何有助于理解变化过程？(4)哪些类型的干预措施在创造长期行为改变方面更有效或更不有效，同样重要的是，治疗的哪些具体方面说明了它们的有效性？(5)风险概况（如遗传、神经生物学、心理、社会环境）的研究如何有助于理解变化过程和改进针对不同风险概况群体的干预措施？(6)变化过程和干预措施如何根据个体差异（如遗传特征、社会人口特征、合并症、社会/文化环境）而变化？(7)传播变革知识的有效途径是什么？拟议的培训计划将支持4名来自新墨西哥大学心理学系的博士前研究员。四名博士后将在资助的前三年分阶段进入，他们将来自与培训计划目标相关的学科，包括心理学、社会学、传播学、精神病学、社会工作和卫生经济学。该项目将由酗酒、药物滥用和成瘾中心（CASAA）指导和运行，CASAA是一个多学科中心，致力于酒精和其他药物使用障碍的治疗、预防和流行病学研究。心智研究网络（MRN）是新墨西哥大学校园内的一个私人、非营利性神经成像中心，是一个重要的合作伙伴。CASAA研究人员在减少酒精相关危害的有效预防和治疗模式、治疗有效成分和潜在变化机制的研究以及传播/扩散研究方面有着丰富的研究记录。MRN强大的人类神经科学小组为培训计划带来了互补的研究技能。相关性（见说明）：大量饮酒和酒精使用障碍是健康和安全的主要问题。研究已经带来了更好的预防和治疗方法，但结果并不理想。拟议的培训补助金利用多个学科，为研究人员调查支持变化过程的心理、社会和生物机制做好准备；将这些知识应用于开发和测试新的预防和治疗模式；并将这些模型应用于服务不足的人群。