Real-time fMRI Neurofeedback Based Stratification of Default Network Regulation

描述(申请人提供)：默认网络(DN)是与自发认知、内化思维和情绪调节相关的大脑区域的分布模式，这些区域在目标驱动的认知任务执行过程中一直处于去激活状态。在执行认知任务的过程中，未能适当地激活或去激活DN，越来越多地与精神疾病有关，对于精神障碍或对症状领域的关注几乎没有特异性。进一步的挑战来自于基于任务和静息状态的功能磁共振成像方法的局限性，这使得该领域几乎没有洞察各种疾病中糖尿病肾病失调的本质(即，无法调节糖尿病肾病的活动，而不是有这样做的倾向)。与研究领域标准项目(R-Doc)一致，拟议的工作利用了基于实时功能磁共振成像(RT-fMRI)的神经反馈的最新创新，以提供可与认知和精神表型特征以及潜在大脑架构相关联的糖尿病肾病调节的维度概况。具体地说，我们提出了一个多方面的成像研究，使用神经反馈RT-fMRI和基于任务的fMRI激活和去激活(即分别是自我参照处理任务和多源干扰)相结合来表征糖尿病肾病的调节，以评估个体调节糖尿病肾病的倾向。与R-Doc倡导的“不可知论”方法一致，我们关注于社区确定的180名成年人(年龄：25-40岁)的样本，使用最低限度的限制性精神障碍排除标准。由Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample(NKI-RS)建立的全面表型鉴定方案将用于表征一系列精神和认知领域。拟议工作的成功完成将有助于：1)建立RT-fMRI测量的糖尿病肾病调制能力与任务相关的糖尿病肾病激活和失活测量的糖尿病肾病调制倾向之间的关系；2)将基于多维成像的糖尿病肾病调制和表型图谱联系起来；3)将多维糖尿病肾病调制图谱与大脑的功能和结构架构联系起来，如通过静息状态功能磁共振成像和扩散张量成像评估的那样。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The default network (DN) is a distributed pattern of brain regions associated with spontaneous cognition, internalized thought and emotional regulation that are consistently deactivated during the performance of goal- driven cognitive tasks. Failure to appropriately activate or deactivate the DN during performing of cognitive tasks is increasingly being implicated in psychiatric illness, with little specificity regarding disorderor attention to symptom domain. Further challenges arise from limitations of task-based and resting state functional MRI imaging approaches that have left the field with little insight into te nature of DN dysregulation (i.e. inability to modulate DN activity as opposed to the tendency to do so) in the various disorders. Consistent with the Research Domain Criteria Project (R-DoC), the proposed work capitalizes on recent innovations in real-time fMRI (RT-fMRI) based neurofeedback to provide a dimensional profile of DN regulation that can be linked to cognitive and psychiatric phenotyping profiles, as well as underlying brain architecture. Specifically, we propose a multi-faceted imaging study that characterizes DN regulation using a combination of neurofeedback RT-fMRI, to assess an individual's ability to modulate the DN, and task-based fMRI activation and deactivation (i.e., the self-referential processing task and the multi-source interference, respectively) to assess an individuals tendency to modulate the DN. Consistent with the "agnostic" approach promoted by R- DoC, we focus on a community-ascertained sample of 180 adults (ages: 25-40 years old), using minimally restrictive psychiatric exclusion criteria. The comprehensive phenotyping protocol established by the Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample (NKI-RS) will be used to characterize a range of psychiatric and cognitive domains. Successful completion of the proposed work will serve to: 1) Establish the relationship between DN modulation capacity as measured by RT-fMRI and DN modulation tendency as measured by task-related DN activation and deactivations, 2) link multidimensional imaging-based DN modulation and phenotypic profiles, and 3) link multidimensional DN modulation profiles to the brain's functional and structural architecture, as assessed by resting state fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging.