Real-time fMRI Neurofeedback Based Stratification of Default Network Regulation

描述（由申请人提供）：默认网络（DN）是与自发认知、内化思维和情绪调节相关的脑区域的分布式模式，其在目标驱动的认知任务的执行期间被一致地去激活。在执行认知任务期间，未能适当地激活或停用DN越来越多地与精神疾病有关，关于障碍或注意症状域的特异性很小。进一步的挑战来自于基于任务和静息状态的功能性MRI成像方法的局限性，这些方法使得该领域对各种疾病中的DN失调的性质（即，与调节DN活性的趋势相反，不能调节DN活性）几乎没有了解。与研究领域标准项目（R-DoC）相一致，拟议的工作利用了基于实时功能磁共振成像（RT-fMRI）的神经反馈的最新创新，以提供DN调节的维度概况，其可以与认知和精神病表型概况以及潜在的大脑结构相关联。具体来说，我们提出了一个多方面的成像研究，其特征是使用神经反馈RT-fMRI的组合来表征DN调节，以评估个体调节DN的能力，以及基于任务的fMRI激活和失活（即，自我参照加工任务和多源干扰）来评估个体调节DN的倾向。与R-DoC提倡的“不可知论”方法一致，我们使用最低限度限制性精神病排除标准，关注180名成年人（年龄：25-40岁）的社区确定样本。Nathan Kline研究所罗克兰样本（NKI-RS）建立的综合表型分析方案将用于表征一系列精神和认知领域。顺利完成拟议的工作将有助于：1）建立如通过RT-fMRI测量的DN调节能力与如通过任务相关的DN激活和失活测量的DN调节趋势之间的关系，2）将基于多维成像的DN调节与表型谱相关联，以及3）将多维DN调节谱与大脑的功能和结构架构相关联，通过静息状态fMRI和弥散张量成像进行评估。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The default network (DN) is a distributed pattern of brain regions associated with spontaneous cognition, internalized thought and emotional regulation that are consistently deactivated during the performance of goal- driven cognitive tasks. Failure to appropriately activate or deactivate the DN during performing of cognitive tasks is increasingly being implicated in psychiatric illness, with little specificity regarding disorderor attention to symptom domain. Further challenges arise from limitations of task-based and resting state functional MRI imaging approaches that have left the field with little insight into te nature of DN dysregulation (i.e. inability to modulate DN activity as opposed to the tendency to do so) in the various disorders. Consistent with the Research Domain Criteria Project (R-DoC), the proposed work capitalizes on recent innovations in real-time fMRI (RT-fMRI) based neurofeedback to provide a dimensional profile of DN regulation that can be linked to cognitive and psychiatric phenotyping profiles, as well as underlying brain architecture. Specifically, we propose a multi-faceted imaging study that characterizes DN regulation using a combination of neurofeedback RT-fMRI, to assess an individual's ability to modulate the DN, and task-based fMRI activation and deactivation (i.e., the self-referential processing task and the multi-source interference, respectively) to assess an individuals tendency to modulate the DN. Consistent with the "agnostic" approach promoted by R- DoC, we focus on a community-ascertained sample of 180 adults (ages: 25-40 years old), using minimally restrictive psychiatric exclusion criteria. The comprehensive phenotyping protocol established by the Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample (NKI-RS) will be used to characterize a range of psychiatric and cognitive domains. Successful completion of the proposed work will serve to: 1) Establish the relationship between DN modulation capacity as measured by RT-fMRI and DN modulation tendency as measured by task-related DN activation and deactivations, 2) link multidimensional imaging-based DN modulation and phenotypic profiles, and 3) link multidimensional DN modulation profiles to the brain's functional and structural architecture, as assessed by resting state fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging.