Mapping the optic lobes for color vision

绘制色觉视叶图

• 批准号: 8627169
• 负责人: Claude Desplan
• 金额: $ 33.81万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-02-01 至 2016-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8627169
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Age; Antibodies; Back; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Behavioral Assay; Biological Assay; Biological Models; Biological Neural Networks; Brain; Cells; Code; Collection; Color; Color Visions; Columnar Cell; Complex; Detection; Development; Discrimination; Drosophila eye; Drosophila genus; Electrophysiology (science); Embryo; Enhancers; Ganglia; Gene Expression; Genes; Genetic; Goals; Grant; Individual; Interneurons; Knowledge; Label; Life; Light; Logic; Maps; Mediating; Memory; Molecular; Morphology; Mothers; Motion; Neuronal Differentiation; Neurons; Optic Lobe; Optics; Organism; Pathway interactions; Photoreceptors; Positioning Attribute; Process; Role; Shapes; Specific qualifier value; Staging; Stimulus; Structure; System; Techniques; Testing; Trackball Device Component; Transcription factor genes; Walking; Work; cell type; color detection; combinatorial; compound eye; daughter cell; fly; gain of function; information gathering; nerve stem cell; neural circuit; neuroblast; neuroepithelium; notch protein; programs; regional difference; relating to nervous system; research study; response; retinotopic; screening; sensory system; tool; transcription factor; visual information

PROJECT SUMMARY This proposal is a renewal of 5R01EY017916-04 "Mapping the optic lobes for color vision". Visual information gathered by the Drosophila eye is first processed in the optic lobes, lamina, medulla and lobula complex. The medulla is the first relay in the neural network for color vision, but it is the second step in the motion detection pathway. In the previous granting period, we have defined over 70 cell types that form overlapping retinotopic maps before projecting to the lobula complex. Because the medulla contains a finite number of neurons and connections that can be studied in exquisite detail, we can address fundamental questions about the development and function of a sophisticated neural structure. We present experiments to understand how optic neuron diversity is generated and how these neurons establish their retinotopic connections to photoreceptors. This will produce knowledge and tools that we will then use to analyze the function of individual neurons in optic pathways through electrophysiology and behavior assays. Three specific aims will help us reach these goals. (1). Sequential neuroblast (NB) switching generates neuronal diversity. We have discovered that the NBs generated as a wave of differentiation from the medulla neuroepithelium express sequentially at least three transcription factors in a process similar to the sequence observed in embryonic NBs. The neurons emerging from these NBs maintain expression of these genes and become different cell types. We will identify new NB and neuronal markers and identify the adult neuronal cell types derived from larval neurons marked by combinations of TFs. (2). Regionalization of medulla neuroepithelium and specialization of neuroblasts. The types of neurons generated by the sequentially generated NBs differ in distinct regions of the crescent shaped medulla Outer Proliferation Center (OPC). In the central part, young NBs produce both local columnar cells that remain where they were generated, as well as a smaller number of non-columnar neurons that migrate to occupy their retinotopic position in the entire adult medulla. We will analyze how the lineage of NBs is modified by their position along the OPC. We will then manipulate the positional identity of NBs and analyze the consequence on the neuronal composition of the medulla. We will thus define the combinatorial transcription factor code specifying medulla neuron types and will relate it to their adult fates. (3). Function of individual medulla neurons. We will record electrophysiological activity of these neurons in response to various light stimuli. We will continue our analysis of neurons involved in motion detection and extend this analysis of medulla neurons involved in chromatic pathways. The tools generated in aims 1 and 2 will allow us to silence of stimulate these neurons through 'intersectional' expression to analyze the motion and color behavior of flies using our flight simulator.

项目概要 该提案是 5R01EY017916-04“映射色觉视叶”的更新。视觉的 果蝇眼睛收集的信息首先在视叶、椎板、髓质和小叶中进行处理 复杂的。髓质是色觉神经网络中的第一个中继站，但它是色觉神经网络中的第二个步骤。 运动检测路径。在之前的授权期间，我们已经定义了 70 多种细胞类型，这些细胞类型形成 在投影到小叶复合体之前重叠视网膜专题图。因为髓质含有有限的 可以详细研究的神经元和连接的数量，我们可以解决基本问题 关于复杂神经结构的发育和功能的问题。我们提出实验 了解视神经元多样性是如何产生的以及这些神经元如何建立其视网膜专题 与光感受器的连接。这将产生我们将用来分析的知识和工具 通过电生理学和行为测定来了解视神经通路中单个神经元的功能。三具体 目标将帮助我们实现这些目标。 (1).顺序神经母细胞（NB）切换产生神经元 多样性。我们发现 NBs 是作为髓质分化波而产生的 神经上皮在类似于序列的过程中顺序表达至少三个转录因子 在胚胎 NB 中观察到。从这些 NB 中出现的神经元维持这些基因的表达，并且 变成不同的细胞类型。我们将鉴定新的 NB 和神经元标记并鉴定成体神经元细胞 源自幼虫神经元的类型，以 TF 组合为标记。 （2）。髓质神经上皮的区域化和神经母细胞的特化。神经元的类型 由顺序生成的 NB 生成的不同区域的新月形髓质外部 增殖中心（OPC）。在中央部分，年轻的 NB 产生两个局部柱状细胞，这些细胞保留在 它们被生成，以及少量的非柱状神经元迁移占据它们的 视网膜专题在整个成人髓质中的位置。我们将分析 NB 的谱系是如何被它们修改的 沿 OPC 的位置。然后我们将操纵 NB 的位置身份并分析结果 关于髓质的神经元组成。因此，我们将定义组合转录因子代码 指定髓质神经元类型并将其与其成年命运联系起来。 （3）。个体髓质的功能 神经元。我们将记录这些神经元响应各种光刺激的电生理活动。我们 将继续我们对参与运动检测的神经元的分析，并扩展对髓质神经元的分析 参与色彩通路。目标 1 和 2 中生成的工具将使我们能够沉默或刺激这些 神经元通过“交叉”表达来分析使用我们的飞行的苍蝇的运动和颜色行为 模拟器。