Mapping the optic lobes for color vision

项目总结 本提案是对5R01EY017916-04《为色觉绘制视叶图》的续订。视觉 果蝇眼睛收集的信息首先在视叶、板层、髓质和小叶中进行处理 很复杂。延髓是神经网络中颜色视觉的第一个中继器，但它是 运动检测路径。在之前的授权期内，我们定义了70多种细胞类型，形成了 重叠的视网膜定位图，然后投射到小叶复合体。因为延髓含有一个有限的 可以详细研究的神经元和连接的数量，我们可以解决基本问题 关于复杂神经结构的发展和功能的问题。我们的实验是为了 了解视神经元多样性是如何产生的，以及这些神经元是如何建立其视网膜视觉的 与光感受器的连接。这将产生知识和工具，然后我们将使用它们来分析 通过电生理学和行为学分析单个神经元在视路中的功能。三个具体的 AIMS将帮助我们实现这些目标。(1)。序贯神经母细胞(NB)转换产生神经元 多样性。我们发现，NBS是从延髓分化而来的 神经上皮细胞在与序列相似的过程中顺序表达至少三个转录因子 在胚胎NBS中观察到。从这些神经元冒出的神经元维持这些基因的表达，并 变成不同类型的细胞。我们将识别新的NB和神经元标记物，并识别成年神经元细胞 从幼虫神经元派生的类型，用TF的组合标记。 (2)。延髓神经上皮的区域化和神经母细胞的特化。神经元的类型 由顺序产生的NBS产生的在新月形延髓外部的不同区域中不同 增殖中心(OPC)。在中部，年轻的NBS产生两个局部柱状细胞，这些细胞保留在 它们以及数量较少的非柱状神经元迁移到占据其 整个成人延髓的视网膜定位。我们将分析国家广播公司的血统是如何被他们的 沿OPC定位。然后我们将操纵国家统计局的位置认同并分析其后果 关于延髓的神经元组成。因此，我们将定义组合转录因子编码 指明了延髓神经元的类型，并将其与它们的成年命运联系起来。(3)。个体延髓的功能 神经元。我们将记录这些神经元对各种光刺激的电生理活动。我们 将继续我们对参与运动检测的神经元的分析，并扩展对延髓神经元的分析 参与染色通路的。AIMS 1和AIMS 2中生成的工具将允许我们抑制或刺激这些 神经元通过“交叉性”表达来分析苍蝇的运动和颜色行为 模拟器。

PROJECT SUMMARY This proposal is a renewal of 5R01EY017916-04 "Mapping the optic lobes for color vision". Visual information gathered by the Drosophila eye is first processed in the optic lobes, lamina, medulla and lobula complex. The medulla is the first relay in the neural network for color vision, but it is the second step in the motion detection pathway. In the previous granting period, we have defined over 70 cell types that form overlapping retinotopic maps before projecting to the lobula complex. Because the medulla contains a finite number of neurons and connections that can be studied in exquisite detail, we can address fundamental questions about the development and function of a sophisticated neural structure. We present experiments to understand how optic neuron diversity is generated and how these neurons establish their retinotopic connections to photoreceptors. This will produce knowledge and tools that we will then use to analyze the function of individual neurons in optic pathways through electrophysiology and behavior assays. Three specific aims will help us reach these goals. (1). Sequential neuroblast (NB) switching generates neuronal diversity. We have discovered that the NBs generated as a wave of differentiation from the medulla neuroepithelium express sequentially at least three transcription factors in a process similar to the sequence observed in embryonic NBs. The neurons emerging from these NBs maintain expression of these genes and become different cell types. We will identify new NB and neuronal markers and identify the adult neuronal cell types derived from larval neurons marked by combinations of TFs. (2). Regionalization of medulla neuroepithelium and specialization of neuroblasts. The types of neurons generated by the sequentially generated NBs differ in distinct regions of the crescent shaped medulla Outer Proliferation Center (OPC). In the central part, young NBs produce both local columnar cells that remain where they were generated, as well as a smaller number of non-columnar neurons that migrate to occupy their retinotopic position in the entire adult medulla. We will analyze how the lineage of NBs is modified by their position along the OPC. We will then manipulate the positional identity of NBs and analyze the consequence on the neuronal composition of the medulla. We will thus define the combinatorial transcription factor code specifying medulla neuron types and will relate it to their adult fates. (3). Function of individual medulla neurons. We will record electrophysiological activity of these neurons in response to various light stimuli. We will continue our analysis of neurons involved in motion detection and extend this analysis of medulla neurons involved in chromatic pathways. The tools generated in aims 1 and 2 will allow us to silence of stimulate these neurons through 'intersectional' expression to analyze the motion and color behavior of flies using our flight simulator.