Interventional and Feeding Studies of Alcohol

描述(由申请人提供)：中等或低风险饮酒(NIAAA定义为任何一天喝≤4饮料，男性每周喝≤14杯，或任何一天喝≤3饮料，非怀孕女性每周喝≤7饮料)一直与各种健康后果有关--尽管它是最重要的。与不饮酒或很少饮酒的人相比，适度饮酒的人患冠心病、充血性心力衰竭、缺血性中风、糖尿病和胆石症的几率较低，但乳腺癌和其他癌症的发病率较高。也许最令人信服的是，适度饮酒与全因死亡的风险较低有关，这主要反映了 与心血管死亡率呈负相关。然而，重要的限制会影响这一证据。虽然已经进行了大量和一致的流行病学研究，但仍然存在对健康状况和寻求健康行为的残留混淆的强烈担忧。现有的酒精实验研究规模小而短，虽然证明了适度饮酒可以降低心脏代谢风险的合理机制，但绝经后雌激素治疗的类似研究与随机的妇女健康倡议临床试验之间缺乏一致性，只会加剧这一担忧。鉴于酒精的广泛使用，过度使用的明显风险和成本，适度使用的风险和好处的不确定平衡，以及完全缺乏明确的临床试验数据，紧迫的问题是毫无疑问的。我们的目标是在2014年ISBRA/RSA会议上组织一次卫星会议，将几个领域的领导者聚集在一起，包括进行适度酒精消费的喂养试验、其他复杂营养干预(如低脂肪或地中海饮食)以及对高医疗风险个体进行药物干预的专家。主题包括：回顾以前的酒精喂养研究，NIAAA和其他机构现有的建议，酒精对生物标记物的影响和观察性研究的结果，营养和药物干预的经验教训，以及未来的方向和建议。来自世界各地的与会者将向ISBRA/RSA与会者和其他感兴趣的个人公开讨论这些主题，并计划在同行评议的文献中传播结论和建议的概览。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Moderate or low-risk alcohol consumption (defined by NIAAA as ≤4 drinks on any single day AND ≤14 drinks per week for men or ≤3 drinks on any single day AND ≤7 drinks per week for non-pregnant women) has been associated - despite its appellation - with a wide variety of health outcomes of the greatest import. Compared with abstainers or rare drinkers, moderate drinkers have been observed to have lower rates of coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, ischemic stroke, diabetes, and cholelithiasis but higher rates of breast and possibly other cancers. Perhaps most compellingly, moderate alcohol intake has been associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, chiefly reflecting its inverse association with cardiovascular mortality. Important limitations affect this body of evidence, however. Although large and consistent epidemiological studies have been conducted, strong concerns about residual confounding by both health status and health- seeking behavior exist. The existing experimental studies of alcohol are small and short and, while demonstrating plausible mechanisms by which moderate drinking would lower cardiometabolic risk, the lack of correspondence between similar studies of postmenopausal estrogen treatment and the randomized Women's Health Initiative clinical trial only heightens this concern. Given the widespread use of alcohol, the clear risks and costs of its overuse, the uncertain balance of risks and benefits of moderate use, and the complete lack of definitive clinical trial data, the urgent is unmistakable. Our goal is to organize a satellite conference to he 2014 ISBRA/RSA meeting that brings together leaders in several domains, including experts in the conduct of feeding trials of moderate alcohol consumption, other complex nutritional interventions (such as low-fat or Mediterranean diet), and pharmaceutical interventions in individuals at high medical risk. Topics include: review of previous feeding studies of alcohol, existing recommendations from NIAAA and other agencies, effects of alcohol on biomarkers and outcomes in observational studies, lessons from nutritional and pharmaceutical Interventions, and future directions and recommendations. Participants from around the world will discuss these topics for an open audience of ISBRA/RSA attendees and other interested individuals, with plans to disseminate an overview of the conclusions and recommendations in the peer-reviewed literature.