The Commuter Exposure Study: Linking Exposure, Source-Receptor Models, and Health

通勤者暴露研究：将暴露、源-受体模型和健康联系起来

• 批准号: 8846895
• 负责人: Jennifer L Peel
• 金额: $ 1.16万
• 依托单位: COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-01-15 至 2016-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8846895
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Adverse effects; Affect; Air Pollution; American; Area; Attention; Automobile Driving; Bicycling; Biological Models; Blood Pressure; Carbon Black; Cardiopulmonary; Cardiovascular system; Communities; Commuting; Complex Mixtures; Country; Data; Decision Making; Dose; Environment; Environmental air flow; Event; Exercise; Exhalation; Exposure to; Government; Health; Hour; Human; Individual; Information Systems; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-6; Knowledge; Link; Local Government; Lung; Measurement; Measures; Modeling; Motor Vehicles; Nitric Oxide; Pathway interactions; Poison; Pollution; Population; Public Health; Research; Resolution; Risk; Route; Source; State Government; Subgroup; TNF gene; Techniques; Transportation; Travel; Update; Vulnerable Populations; base; design; empowered; experience; exposed human population; hazard; improved; indexing; innovation; interest; land use; neglect; non-smoking; receptor; respiratory; response; trafficking; vascular inflammation

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Motor vehicles emit a complex mixture of toxic chemicals that contributes substantially to the burden of air pollution exposure in this country. While a consistent link between ambient air pollution and cardiopulmonary effects has been demonstrated, very little knowledge exists regarding exposures and health effects of traffic- related air pollution specifically during the commute. Even in communities with low background levels of air pollution, there are intense, short-term exposures during commutes that may contribute to adverse health effects. Healthy, exercising populations (such as cyclists) have been neglected in previous air pollution research. Such populations with activities that increase lung dose are a potentially vulnerable subgroup among commuters. Therefore, a need exists to improve our understanding of the interactions between sources, exposures, and health effects of traffic-related air pollution. The objective of this research is to apply innovative modeling and exposure assessment and modeling techniques to improve our understanding of the impact of traffic-related air pollution on human exposure and health. To achieve this objective we propose the following specific aims: (1) Conduct a two-year study of commuters' personal exposures to traffic-related air pollution among different modes (car, bike) and routes (high- and low-traffic); (2) Develop and evaluate an exposure modeling system that integrates mechanistic air pollution fate and transport modeling, path-following exposure estimation, and Bayesian updating; and (3) Evaluate the short-term association of personal exposure levels during morning commutes with subclinical respiratory and cardiovascular responses that are central to the hypothesized biologic pathway linking air pollution with cardiovascular events. We hypothesize that personal exposures to traffic-related air pollution will be significantly higher for cyclists (vs. car drivers) and on high-traffic routes (vs. low-traffic), and that our model system will successfully predict average cumulative exposures for commuters traveling different route/mode combinations. We also hypothesize that increased personal exposure to traffic-related air pollution experienced during a commute will be associated with acute increases (from pre- to post-commute) in cardiovascular and respiratory responses. This project addresses knowledge gaps on the exposures and related health effects of a source of air pollution that affects the majority of the U.S. population. Given the emerging evidence on the adverse effects of traffic- related air pollution, information gained from this study can empower citizens to reduce their daily exposures to traffic-related air pollution. The daily commute, whether by bicycle, motor vehicle, or other mode, is an experience shared by nearly all Americans. Although ambient air pollution is generally considered a ubiquitous, involuntary hazard, research that develops new knowledge to reduce exposures to traffic-related air pollution during commuting has the potential to produce a substantial public health impact.

描述（由申请人提供）：机动车辆排放出有毒化学物质的复杂混合物，极大地加重了该国的空气污染暴露负担。虽然环境空气污染与心肺影响之间存在一致的联系，但人们对交通相关空气污染（特别是在通勤期间）的暴露和健康影响知之甚少。即使在空气污染背景水平较低的社区，通勤期间也会出现强烈的短期接触，这可能会对健康产生不利影响。在之前的空气污染研究中，健康、锻炼的人群（例如骑自行车的人）被忽视了。此类活动会增加肺部剂量的人群是通勤者中潜在的弱势群体。因此，我们需要进一步了解交通相关空气污染的来源、暴露和健康影响之间的相互作用。这项研究的目的是应用创新的建模以及暴露评估和建模技术，以提高我们对交通相关空气污染对人类暴露和健康影响的理解。为实现这一目标，我们提出以下具体目标： (1) 对通勤者在不同方式（汽车、自行车）和路线（高流量和低流量）下个人暴露于交通相关空气污染的情况进行为期两年的研究； (2) 开发和评估暴露模型系统，该系统集成了机械空气污染归宿和传输模型、路径跟踪暴露估计和贝叶斯更新； (3) 评估早晨通勤期间个人暴露水平与亚临床呼吸和心血管反应的短期关联，这些反应对于将空气污染与心血管事件联系起来的假设生物途径至关重要。我们假设骑自行车的人（相对于汽车司机）和高交通路线（相对于低交通量）个人暴露于与交通相关的空气污染的程度要高得多，并且我们的模型系统将成功预测出行不同路线/模式组合的通勤者的平均累积暴露量。我们还假设，通勤期间个人接触交通相关空气污染的增加将与心血管和呼吸系统反应的急剧增加（从通勤前到通勤后）相关。该项目旨在解决影响大多数美国人口的空气污染源的暴露和相关健康影响方面的知识差距。鉴于有关交通相关空气污染不利影响的新证据，从这项研究中获得的信息可以帮助公民减少日常接触交通相关空气污染的机会。日常通勤，无论是骑自行车、机动车还是其他方式，是几乎所有美国人都有的经历。尽管环境空气污染通常被认为是一种普遍存在的非自愿危害，但开发新知识以减少通勤期间接触交通相关空气污染的研究有可能对公共健康产生重大影响。