The Commuter Exposure Study: Linking Exposure, Source-Receptor Models, and Health

通勤者暴露研究：将暴露、源-受体模型和健康联系起来

• 批准号: 8573845
• 负责人: Jennifer L Peel
• 金额: $ 44.67万
• 依托单位: COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-01-15 至 2016-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8573845
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Adverse effects; Affect; Air Pollution; American; Area; Attention; Automobile Driving; Bicycling; Biological Models; Blood Pressure; Carbon Black; Cardiopulmonary; Cardiovascular system; Communities; Commuting; Complex Mixtures; Country; Data; Decision Making; Dose; Environment; Environmental air flow; Event; Exercise; Exhalation; Exposure to; Government; Health; Hour; Human; Individual; Information Systems; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-6; Knowledge; Link; Local Government; Lung; Measurement; Measures; Modeling; Motor Vehicles; Nitric Oxide; Pathway interactions; Poison; Pollution; Population; Public Health; Research; Resolution; Risk; Route; Source; State Government; Subgroup; TNF gene; Techniques; Transportation; Travel; Update; Vulnerable Populations; base; design; empowered; experience; exposed human population; hazard; improved; indexing; innovation; interest; land use; neglect; non-smoking; receptor; respiratory; response; trafficking; vascular inflammation

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Motor vehicles emit a complex mixture of toxic chemicals that contributes substantially to the burden of air pollution exposure in this country. While a consistent link between ambient air pollution and cardiopulmonary effects has been demonstrated, very little knowledge exists regarding exposures and health effects of traffic- related air pollution specifically during the commute. Even in communities with low background levels of air pollution, there are intense, short-term exposures during commutes that may contribute to adverse health effects. Healthy, exercising populations (such as cyclists) have been neglected in previous air pollution research. Such populations with activities that increase lung dose are a potentially vulnerable subgroup among commuters. Therefore, a need exists to improve our understanding of the interactions between sources, exposures, and health effects of traffic-related air pollution. The objective of this research is to apply innovative modeling and exposure assessment and modeling techniques to improve our understanding of the impact of traffic-related air pollution on human exposure and health. To achieve this objective we propose the following specific aims: (1) Conduct a two-year study of commuters' personal exposures to traffic-related air pollution among different modes (car, bike) and routes (high- and low-traffic); (2) Develop and evaluate an exposure modeling system that integrates mechanistic air pollution fate and transport modeling, path-following exposure estimation, and Bayesian updating; and (3) Evaluate the short-term association of personal exposure levels during morning commutes with subclinical respiratory and cardiovascular responses that are central to the hypothesized biologic pathway linking air pollution with cardiovascular events. We hypothesize that personal exposures to traffic-related air pollution will be significantly higher for cyclists (vs. car drivers) and on high-traffic routes (vs. low-traffic), and that our model system will successfully predict average cumulative exposures for commuters traveling different route/mode combinations. We also hypothesize that increased personal exposure to traffic-related air pollution experienced during a commute will be associated with acute increases (from pre- to post-commute) in cardiovascular and respiratory responses. This project addresses knowledge gaps on the exposures and related health effects of a source of air pollution that affects the majority of the U.S. population. Given the emerging evidence on the adverse effects of traffic- related air pollution, information gained from this study can empower citizens to reduce their daily exposures to traffic-related air pollution. The daily commute, whether by bicycle, motor vehicle, or other mode, is an experience shared by nearly all Americans. Although ambient air pollution is generally considered a ubiquitous, involuntary hazard, research that develops new knowledge to reduce exposures to traffic-related air pollution during commuting has the potential to produce a substantial public health impact.

描述（由申请人提供）：机动车发出了有毒化学物质的复杂混合物，这对该国空气污染的负担产生了重大贡献。尽管已经证明了环境空气污染与心肺影响之间的一致联系，但对于通勤期间，有关交通相关空气污染的暴露和健康影响的知识很少。即使在背景污染水平较低的社区中，通勤期间也有强烈的短期暴露，可能会导致不利的健康影响。在以前的空气污染研究中，健康的，锻炼人群（例如骑自行车的人）已被忽略。这些人群与增加肺剂量的活动是通勤者之间潜在的脆弱亚组。因此，存在需要提高我们对与交通相关空气污染的来源，暴露和健康影响之间相互作用之间相互作用的理解。这项研究的目的是应用创新的建模和暴露评估和建模技术，以提高我们对与交通相关空气污染对人类暴露和健康的影响的理解。为了实现这一目标，我们提出了以下具体目的：（1）对通勤者对不同模式（汽车，自行车）和路线（高和低流量）之间的交通相关空气污染的个人暴露进行了两年的研究； （2）开发和评估一种曝光建模系统，该系统集成了机械空气污染命运和运输建模，路径遵循的暴露估算以及贝叶斯更新； （3）评估早晨通勤期间个人暴露水平的短期关联与亚临床呼吸道和心血管反应，这对于假设的生物学途径与心血管事件联系起来至关重要。我们假设，骑自行车的人（与汽车驱动程序）和高流量路线（相对于低人流），个人暴露于交通相关的空气污染将显着更高，并且我们的模型系统将成功预测行驶不同路线/模式组合的通勤者的平均累积暴露。我们还假设，在通勤期间，个人接触与交通相关的空气污染的增加将与心血管和呼吸反应中的急性增加（从前到交易后）有关。该项目解决了影响大多数美国人口的空气污染来源的暴露和相关健康影响的知识差距。考虑到有关交通相关的空气污染的不利影响的新兴证据，这项研究获得的信息可以使公民能够减少与交通相关的空气污染的日常暴露。每日通勤，无论是骑自行车，汽车还是其他模式，都是几乎所有美国人分享的经验。尽管通常认为环境空气污染是一种普遍存在的，非自愿的危害，但研究开发了新知识以减少通勤期间与交通相关的空气污染的暴露，有可能产生重大的公共健康影响。