All optical control and monitoring of neural activity

全光学控制和神经活动监测

• 批准号: 8638689
• 负责人: Samarendra Kumar Mohanty
• 金额: $ 17.61万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS ARLINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-15 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8638689
• 关键词: Animal Model; Cell Culture Techniques; Cells; Clinical Treatment; Controlled Study; Detection; Development; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology (science); Electroporation; Embryo; Frequencies; Ganglion Cell Layer; Gene Delivery; Gene Transfer; Genes; Genetic; Goals; Human Activities; Image; In Vitro; Inflammatory Response; Interferometry; Intervention; Label; Lasers; Length; Light; Location; Measures; Methods; Molecular; Monitor; Neurons; Opsin; Optical Coherence Tomography; Optics; Patients; Pattern; Peripheral; Phase; Photoreceptors; Physiologic pulse; Plague; Plasmids; Proteins; Rattus; Reaction; Resolution; Retina; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Retinitis Pigmentosa; Signal Transduction; Source; Staging; System; Techniques; Technology; Tissues; Transfection; Viral; Viral Vector; Width; base; blind; cell type; human disease; in vivo; kidney cell; minimally invasive; nano; nanometer; novel; optogenetics; promoter; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; success

Project Summary: Success of optogenetic intervention of neural activity requires optimization of delivery of genes encoding light sensitive proteins (opsins) to specific cells, and to record the changes in cells and tissue during optogenetic stimulation. The most-commonly used method for delivering opsin(s) is use of viral vector, which is prone to cause unexpected inflammatory responses, immunological reactions, and improper gene integration. Further, the viral methods limit the size of plasmid that can be packaged and delivered and therefore cannot carry multiple opsin-encoding genes or large promoters. Further, in several cases of human diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) where progressive loss of photoreceptors happens in peripheral retina, it will be useful to localize the expression of the opsins not only in specific cell types, but in a restricted spatial region (peripheral in RP). The first aim of the proposal is to optimize a non-viral delivery method to mitigate the challenges posed by viral delivery. We have recently used focused near-IR ultrafast laser beam method to deliver opsins (ChR2) into spatially-patterned regions of neural tissue (retina). However, this technique needs to be optimized so as to minimize the deleterious effects. Further, it will prove useful to develop a label-free optical technique (in contrast to electrophysiology) to non-invasively evaluate functional activation of optogenetically-sensitized neurons with high spatial resolution and large throughput. Recently, we demonstrated use of Phase-Sensitive Frequency Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (PSFD-OCT) for detection of fluctuations in optogenetically-stimulated cells. PSFD-OCT is a novel technique based on the principles of low-coherence interferometry that can detect displacements of the order of tens of picometers. Because of the low-coherence length of the light, the detected signal has to be within the coherence length of the light source (~10¿m). This enables PSFD-OCT to investigate sub- nanometer changes within a very small region of the tissue volume and is suitable for highly localized detection. The overall aim of this study is to optimize optical delivery of gene encoding opsins, and develop label-free non-invasive optical readout method based on PSFD-OCT to monitor the changes in cortical neurons and tissue resulting from the activation. 1

项目总结：光基因干预神经活动的成功需要优化