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Improving the control of fear: healthy adults to pathological anxiety

改善恐惧的控制：健康成年人走向病理性焦虑

基本信息

批准号：
8870070
负责人：
Joseph Edward Dunsmoor
金额：
$ 8.4万
依托单位：
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-04-15 至 2017-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8870070
关键词：
Adult Affect American Amygdaloid structure Animals Anxiety Anxiety Disorders Attention Award Behavioral Biological Models Brain Categories Clinical Clinical Research Clinical Treatment Computer Simulation Disease Effectiveness Environment Etiology Event Exhibits Extinction (Psychology)Failure Fostering Fright Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Generalized Anxiety Disorder Goals Hippocampus (Brain)Human Individual Individual Differences Investigation Knowledge Laboratory Research Learning Literature Maintenance Measures Memory Mental disorders Mentors Meta-Analysis Methods Modeling Motivation Neurosciences Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Panic Disorder Participant Pathological anxiety Pathology Pathway interactions Patients Phase Phobias Population Positioning Attribute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders Postdoctoral Fellow Prefrontal Cortex Prevalence Procedures Psychopathology Psychophysiology Recovery Regulation Relapse Research Research Proposals Research Training Retrieval Risk Scientist Severities Staging Symptoms System Techniques Testing Therapeutic Therapeutic Intervention Time Training Translations base biobehavior career classical conditioning clinical anxiety clinically relevant conditioned fear healthy volunteer improved innovation interdisciplinary collaboration learning extinction memory retrieval neural correlate neurobehavioral neuroimaging neuromechanism novel prevent public health relevance relating to nervous system resilience theories tool virtual reality

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective of this Pathway to Independence Award is to support new mentored training in the control of fear and clinical research, as the candidate transitions from a postdoc position to an independent research career specializing in translation of new experimental techniques to improve the control of fear from healthy adults to anxiety pathologies. Anxiety pathologies are the most common mental illness, with a 12-month prevalence estimate of about 40 million American adults. Theoretical and technical aspects of fear conditioning continue to provide a valuable model to characterize and understand the etiology, maintenance, and treatment for pathologies of fear and anxiety. An example in the treatment domain is exposure therapy, which is based on the principles of extinction. However, prominent learning theory models have long recognized the shortcomings of extinction as a therapeutic tool; extinction is a fragile form of learning that fails to generalize, and fear behavors tend to return over time. Clinical research in the past two decades has revealed serious deficits in the ability to control fear expression following extinction across anxiety disorder categories, including posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, and phobias. Laboratory research on the limits to extinction can describe why many severe fears and anxieties relapse following clinical treatment. Accordingly, there is strong motivation to develop innovative behavioral techniques to improve the control of fear so that maladaptive fears and anxieties are more responsive to treatment and less prone to relapse. Yet, systematic neurobehavioral research on novel techniques to improve the control of fear in humans has received limited attention. During the mentored phase of this proposal, the candidate will incorporate new training on theoretical, technical, and empirical aspects of fear extinction to test new behavioral techniques to improve the control of fear in healthy adults using combination functional magnetic resonance imaging and psychophysiology methods. Aim 1 looks to override maladaptive threat associations by introducing surprising, novel, non-threat associations to the participant. Aim 2 looks to promote the generalizability of extinction learning by conducting extinction under multiple different virtul reality contexts. The R00 project will carry forward this knowledge to investigate these two new experimental tasks in clinical anxiety populations characterized by the inability to control fear expression following standard extinction procedures. Research in clinical populations will be fostered by new supervised training in clinical research developed during the mentored phase. The research proposed here has the potential to advance biological models of psychopathology, establish neurobehavioral risk/resilience factors for disorders of fear and anxiety, and ultimately contribute to innovative and more effective therapeutic interventions for pathological anxiety. This Pathway to Independence Award lays the groundwork for the candidate to achieve these research and training goals, and to develop interdisciplinary collaborations with clinical research experts at an early stage of his career.