Impacts of Off-Premise Alcohol Outlets on Local Neighborhood Alcohol Problems

场外酒类销售点对当地社区酒精问题的影响

• 批准号: 8880799
• 负责人: JULIET P LEE
• 金额: $ 36.36万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-10 至 2019-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8880799
• 关键词: Adult; Advocate; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol dependence; Alcohols; Area; Automobile Driving; California; Cereals; Communities; Community Health; Consumption; County; Crime; Data; Data Analyses; Data Sources; Economic Factors; Environment; Ethnic Origin; Ethnography; Health; Heavy Drinking; Injury; Intervention; Interview; Knowledge; Laboratories; Licensing; Link; Methods; Municipalities; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Persons; Police; Policies; Population; Public Health; Race; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Restaurants; Risk; Sales; Sampling; Site; Social Disorganizations; Social Policies; Socioeconomic Status; Source; Structure; Surveys; Testing; Violence; alcohol availability; alcohol related problem; density; distilled alcoholic beverage; drinking; falls; high risk; improved; innovation; male; programs; social; socioeconomics; urban area; violent crime; youth violence

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This R01 application will assess the social mechanisms relating neighborhood densities of off-premise alcohol outlets to alcohol-related problems. The impacts of on premise outlets (bars and restaurants) have been intensively studied, including well-established effects and promising explanatory mechanisms for associations between densities, problem drinking and negative health outcomes (e.g., violence-related injuries). In contrast, while associations between off-premise outlet density and community problems have been established, the mechanisms underlying these impacts are poorly understood. We propose that such mechanisms must be investigated at the local level utilizing micro-environmental approaches. Building on prior research on the impacts of neighborhood conditions and alcohol outlets on alcohol-related problems, this study will investigate specific hypothetical mechanisms underlying associations between off-premise outlets and local problems. Generalizing from research into on premise outlet effects there are several plausible mechanisms that can explain off-premise effects. Our aims are to test hypotheses that follow from these two mechanisms: (1) Crime Attractors: Off-premise outlets attract persons at higher risk for involvement in crime and violence, specifically young males, as well as potential victims (2) Place Management: Management of persons in and around off-premise outlets falls to outlet staff and owners, but may be ineffective, particularly in areas of high outlet density. We will collect data n and around off-premise outlets in a contiguous area in Alameda County, CA, including six municipalities ranging widely in terms of race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status and off-premise outlet density. We will collect archival data (e.g., police reports of violent crimes), and ethnographic data (e.g., interviews with management of outlets and premise observation data). By collecting and analyzing data on outlets at the scale of the outlet and very local (i.e., within one block) environs and locating these data with the larger framework of the community, we bridge micro-ecological and macro-ecological perspectives, allowing for an advancement of our understanding of the impacts of outlets on communities.

描述（由申请人提供）： 该 R01 应用程序将评估将场外酒精销售点的社区密度与酒精相关问题联系起来的社会机制。店内商店（酒吧和餐馆）的影响已得到深入研究，包括密度、饮酒问题和负面健康后果（例如暴力相关伤害）之间关系的既定影响和​​有前景的解释机制。相比之下，虽然场外门店密度和社区问题之间的关联已经建立，但这些影响背后的机制却知之甚少。我们建议必须利用微环境方法在地方一级研究此类机制。基于先前关于邻里条件和酒类销售点对酒精相关问题的影响的研究，本研究将调查场外销售点与当地问题之间关联的具体假设机制。根据对内部出口效应的研究进行概括，有几种可能的机制可以解释外部效应。我们的目的是检验这两种机制所得出的假设：(1) 犯罪吸引因素：场外网点吸引参与犯罪和暴力的高风险人群，特别是年轻男性，以及潜在受害者 (2) 场所管理：场外网点内及其周围人员的管理由网点工作人员和业主负责，但可能效率低下，特别是在网点密度高的地区。我们将收集加利福尼亚州阿拉米达县邻近地区的场外网点及其周围的数据，其中包括六个在种族/族裔、社会经济地位和场外网点密度方面差异很大的城市。我们将收集档案数据（例如，警方对暴力犯罪的报告）和人种学数据（例如，对网点管理层的访谈和场所观察数据）。通过收集和分析奥特莱斯规模和本地（即一个街区内）环境的奥特莱斯数据，并将这些数据定位到社区的更大框架中，我们连接了微观生态和宏观生态的视角，从而加深了我们对奥特莱斯对社区影响的理解。