Impacts of Off-Premise Alcohol Outlets on Local Neighborhood Alcohol Problems

描述(由申请人提供)： 这个R01应用程序将评估与非酒店酒类销售点的社区密度与酒精相关问题相关的社会机制。对酒店内网点(酒吧和餐馆)的影响进行了深入的研究，包括对密度、问题饮酒和负面健康后果(如与暴力有关的伤害)之间的联系的既定影响和有希望的解释机制。相比之下，尽管已经建立了场外插座密度与社区问题之间的关联，但这些影响背后的机制却鲜为人知。我们建议，必须利用微环境方法在地方一级调查这种机制。基于先前关于社区条件和饮酒网点对酒精相关问题的影响的研究，这项研究将调查非本地网点和当地问题之间潜在的具体假设机制。从对内部出口效应的研究来看，有几种看似合理的机制可以解释非前提效应。我们的目标是检验这两个机制的假设：(1)犯罪诱因：场外网点吸引参与犯罪和暴力的风险较高的人，特别是年轻男性，以及潜在的受害者(2)场所管理：网点内和周围人员的管理由网点工作人员和所有者负责，但可能效率低下，特别是在网点密度较高的地区。我们将在加利福尼亚州阿拉米达县的一个毗连地区收集数据，包括六个在种族/民族、社会经济地位和非现场网点密度方面差异很大的市政当局。我们将收集档案数据(例如，警方关于暴力犯罪的报告)和人种学数据(例如，与网点管理层的访谈和房地观察数据)。通过收集和分析奥特莱斯规模的奥特莱斯和非常当地(即一个街区内)环境的数据，并将这些数据与社区的更大框架定位，我们架起了微观生态和宏观生态的桥梁，从而促进了我们对奥特莱斯对社区影响的理解。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This R01 application will assess the social mechanisms relating neighborhood densities of off-premise alcohol outlets to alcohol-related problems. The impacts of on premise outlets (bars and restaurants) have been intensively studied, including well-established effects and promising explanatory mechanisms for associations between densities, problem drinking and negative health outcomes (e.g., violence-related injuries). In contrast, while associations between off-premise outlet density and community problems have been established, the mechanisms underlying these impacts are poorly understood. We propose that such mechanisms must be investigated at the local level utilizing micro-environmental approaches. Building on prior research on the impacts of neighborhood conditions and alcohol outlets on alcohol-related problems, this study will investigate specific hypothetical mechanisms underlying associations between off-premise outlets and local problems. Generalizing from research into on premise outlet effects there are several plausible mechanisms that can explain off-premise effects. Our aims are to test hypotheses that follow from these two mechanisms: (1) Crime Attractors: Off-premise outlets attract persons at higher risk for involvement in crime and violence, specifically young males, as well as potential victims (2) Place Management: Management of persons in and around off-premise outlets falls to outlet staff and owners, but may be ineffective, particularly in areas of high outlet density. We will collect data n and around off-premise outlets in a contiguous area in Alameda County, CA, including six municipalities ranging widely in terms of race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status and off-premise outlet density. We will collect archival data (e.g., police reports of violent crimes), and ethnographic data (e.g., interviews with management of outlets and premise observation data). By collecting and analyzing data on outlets at the scale of the outlet and very local (i.e., within one block) environs and locating these data with the larger framework of the community, we bridge micro-ecological and macro-ecological perspectives, allowing for an advancement of our understanding of the impacts of outlets on communities.