Impacts of Off-Premise Alcohol Outlets on Local Neighborhood Alcohol Problems

描述（由申请人提供）： 这个R 01应用程序将评估与非前提酒精出口的社区密度与酒精相关问题相关的社会机制。已经深入研究了场所内商店（酒吧和餐馆）的影响，包括对密度、问题饮酒和负面健康结果之间关联的既定影响和有希望的解释机制（例如，暴力伤害）。相比之下，虽然场外插座密度和社区问题之间的关联已经建立，这些影响的机制知之甚少。我们建议，这种机制必须在地方一级利用微环境的方法进行调查。基于先前对邻里条件和酒精出口对酒精相关问题的影响的研究，本研究将探讨场外出口与当地问题之间关联的具体假设机制。从研究中归纳到内部出口效应，有几种可能的机制可以解释外部效应。我们的目的是测试假设，从这两个机制：（1）犯罪吸引者：场外网点吸引人参与犯罪和暴力的风险较高，特别是年轻男性，以及潜在的受害者（2）地点管理：管理人员和周围的场外网点福尔斯下降到网点工作人员和业主，但可能是无效的，特别是在高密度的网点。我们将在加利福尼亚州阿拉米达县的一个连续区域内收集场外网点及其周围的数据，其中包括六个在种族/民族、社会经济地位和场外网点密度方面差异很大的城市。我们将收集档案数据（例如，暴力犯罪的警察报告），以及人种学数据（例如，与网点管理人员的访谈和场所观察数据）。通过收集和分析关于网点规模和非常本地的网点的数据（即，在一个街区内）的环境和定位这些数据与社区的更大的框架，我们桥梁微观生态和宏观生态的观点，使我们的理解的网点对社区的影响的进步。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This R01 application will assess the social mechanisms relating neighborhood densities of off-premise alcohol outlets to alcohol-related problems. The impacts of on premise outlets (bars and restaurants) have been intensively studied, including well-established effects and promising explanatory mechanisms for associations between densities, problem drinking and negative health outcomes (e.g., violence-related injuries). In contrast, while associations between off-premise outlet density and community problems have been established, the mechanisms underlying these impacts are poorly understood. We propose that such mechanisms must be investigated at the local level utilizing micro-environmental approaches. Building on prior research on the impacts of neighborhood conditions and alcohol outlets on alcohol-related problems, this study will investigate specific hypothetical mechanisms underlying associations between off-premise outlets and local problems. Generalizing from research into on premise outlet effects there are several plausible mechanisms that can explain off-premise effects. Our aims are to test hypotheses that follow from these two mechanisms: (1) Crime Attractors: Off-premise outlets attract persons at higher risk for involvement in crime and violence, specifically young males, as well as potential victims (2) Place Management: Management of persons in and around off-premise outlets falls to outlet staff and owners, but may be ineffective, particularly in areas of high outlet density. We will collect data n and around off-premise outlets in a contiguous area in Alameda County, CA, including six municipalities ranging widely in terms of race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status and off-premise outlet density. We will collect archival data (e.g., police reports of violent crimes), and ethnographic data (e.g., interviews with management of outlets and premise observation data). By collecting and analyzing data on outlets at the scale of the outlet and very local (i.e., within one block) environs and locating these data with the larger framework of the community, we bridge micro-ecological and macro-ecological perspectives, allowing for an advancement of our understanding of the impacts of outlets on communities.