Community Alcohol Outlet Density, Drunken Driving and Violence: Core Group Theory

社区酒精出口密度、醉酒驾驶和暴力：核心群体理论

• 批准号: 8107091
• 负责人: JULIET P LEE
• 金额: $ 65.41万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-20 至 2014-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8107091
• 关键词: Aggressive behavior; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic beverage heavy drinker; Alcohols; Area; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Behavioral; California; Characteristics; Cities; Cognitive; Communities; County; Data; Drunk driving; Ethnography; General Population; Goals; Hostility; Individual; Interview; Lead; Maintenance; Marketing; Measures; Modeling; Neighborhoods; Pattern; Play; Prevention; Problem behavior; Process; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Restaurants; Risk; Sampling; Social Disorganizations; Social Environment; Social Interaction; Socioeconomic Status; Source; Structure; Surveys; Telephone; Testing; Vehicle crash; Vendor; Violence; alcohol related problem; authority; base; cohesion; community setting; demographics; density of AOD outlets; drinking; high risk; interest; problem drinker; prospective; resilience; social; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The research will examine drinkers and drinking at outlets to identify social mechanisms by which drunken driving and alcohol-related violence are maintained in communities. Patrons in 165 bars in six California communities will be surveyed on exit from bars on weekend nights, followed by a phone survey. The exit survey will characterize drinking and social interactions that evening. The telephone survey will provide background measures of drinkers' characteristics and risk related behaviors (N H 1,620). Patron and staff interviews in select outlets identified by risk for drinking-driving and violence, together with bar observations conducted in a random sample of the total bars, will characterize social relations and norms that may reinforce problem behaviors. These qualitative assessments of bar social dynamics will inform and extend quantitative studies. Three hypotheses will be tested: (1) Greater neighborhood social disorganization will be related to greater rates of drunken driving and aggression among bar patrons. (2) Greater bar concentrations will be related to greater clustering of patrons across establishments correlated with risk characteristics. (3) Greater clustering by patrons will result in greater social cohesion in high-risk outlets. The short-term goal of the proposed research is to determine whether at-risk drinkers cluster across on-premise alcohol outlets and whether clustering is increased in areas with high outlet concentrations. The mid-term goal of the study is to initiate studies of social processes that maintain problem behaviors within outlets, identifying social structures that make problems resilient to change. The long-term goal is to provide communities with guidance on regulatory processes that may ameliorate neighborhood problems related to alcohol outlets. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The aim of this study is to understand how drunken driving and alcohol-related violence are maintained in communities, in order to determine whether at-risk drinkers cluster in specific bars within communities, and whether clustering is increased in areas with many bars. We are proposing to conduct a telephone survey of bar patrons, recruited through a doorway survey, from 165 bars in six California communities, together with interviews with patrons and staff in a subset of bars identified as more likely to encourage drunken driving and violence, and observations in a random sample of all bars. The study aims to test these three hypotheses: (1) Higher rates of neighborhood "social disorganization" (based on relative socio-economic status of residents) will be related to higher rates of drunken driving and aggression among bar patrons; (2) More bars in an area will be related to more clustering, within these bars, of patrons according to their likelihood for problematic drinking, drunken driving, and violence; and (3) More clustering by patrons in this way will result in tighter social relations among people in bars identified with drunken driving and violence.

描述（由申请人提供）：该研究将检查饮酒者和在商店饮酒，以确定酒后驾车和与酒精有关的暴力在社区中维持的社会机制。加州六个社区的165家酒吧的顾客将在周末晚上离开酒吧时接受调查，随后进行电话调查。退出调查将描述当晚的饮酒和社交互动。电话调查将提供饮酒者特征和风险相关行为的背景测量（NH 1，620）。顾客和工作人员在选定的网点确定的酒后驾驶和暴力的风险，连同酒吧的观察进行了随机抽样的酒吧，将表征社会关系和规范，可能会加强问题行为。这些酒吧社会动态的定性评估将为定量研究提供信息和扩展。三个假设将被测试：（1）更大的邻里社会混乱将与更高的酒后驾车率和酒吧顾客之间的侵略。(2)更大的酒吧集中度将与顾客在与风险特征相关的机构中的更大聚集有关。(3)顾客更多地聚集在一起将使高风险网点的社会凝聚力更强。拟议研究的短期目标是确定有风险的饮酒者是否聚集在内部酒精销售点，以及在出口浓度高的地区是否增加了聚集。该研究的中期目标是启动对在出口内维持问题行为的社会过程的研究，确定使问题对变化具有弹性的社会结构。长期目标是为社区提供有关监管程序的指导，这些程序可能会改善与酒类销售点有关的社区问题。 公共卫生相关性：本研究的目的是了解如何醉酒驾驶和酒精相关的暴力行为是保持在社区中，以确定是否有风险的饮酒者集群在特定的酒吧在社区内，以及是否集群在许多酒吧的地区增加。我们建议对酒吧顾客进行电话调查，通过门口调查招募，来自六个加州社区的165家酒吧，与顾客和工作人员在一个子集的酒吧被确定为更有可能鼓励酒后驾车和暴力的采访，并在所有酒吧的随机抽样观察。本研究旨在验证以下三个假设：（1）社区“社会解体”率较高（基于居民的相对社会经济地位）将与酒吧顾客中更高的酒后驾驶和攻击率有关;（2）一个地区的更多酒吧将与这些酒吧内更多的顾客聚集有关，根据他们有问题的饮酒，酒后驾驶和暴力的可能性;（3）以这种方式更多的顾客聚集将导致酒吧中被认定为酒后驾车和暴力的人之间的社会关系更加紧密。