Community Alcohol Outlet Density, Drunken Driving and Violence: Core Group Theory

描述(申请人提供)：这项研究将调查饮酒者和在网点饮酒，以确定社会机制，通过这些机制，酒后驾车和与酒精有关的暴力行为在社区中得以维持。周末晚上，加州六个社区的165家酒吧的顾客将在离开酒吧时接受调查，随后是电话调查。出口调查将以当晚的饮酒和社交互动为特征。电话调查将提供饮酒者特征和风险相关行为的背景测量(N H 1,620)。根据酒驾和暴力风险确定的特定门店的顾客和工作人员面谈，以及在总酒吧中随机抽样进行的酒吧观察，将描述可能强化问题行为的社会关系和规范。这些对BAR社会动态的定性评估将为定量研究提供信息并扩大范围。将检验三个假设：(1)社区社会组织混乱程度越大，酒后驾车和酒吧主顾的攻击性比例越高。(2)酒吧集中度越高，顾客在与风险特征相关的机构单位聚集的程度就越大。(3)顾客聚集度越高，高危网点的社会凝聚力就越大。这项拟议研究的短期目标是确定高危饮酒者是否聚集在酒店内的酒类销售点，以及在销售点浓度较高的地区是否会增加聚集性。这项研究的中期目标是启动对将问题行为维持在渠道内的社会过程的研究，确定使问题对变化具有弹性的社会结构。长期目标是为社区提供监管程序方面的指导，这些程序可能会改善与酒类销售点相关的社区问题。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The research will examine drinkers and drinking at outlets to identify social mechanisms by which drunken driving and alcohol-related violence are maintained in communities. Patrons in 165 bars in six California communities will be surveyed on exit from bars on weekend nights, followed by a phone survey. The exit survey will characterize drinking and social interactions that evening. The telephone survey will provide background measures of drinkers' characteristics and risk related behaviors (N H 1,620). Patron and staff interviews in select outlets identified by risk for drinking-driving and violence, together with bar observations conducted in a random sample of the total bars, will characterize social relations and norms that may reinforce problem behaviors. These qualitative assessments of bar social dynamics will inform and extend quantitative studies. Three hypotheses will be tested: (1) Greater neighborhood social disorganization will be related to greater rates of drunken driving and aggression among bar patrons. (2) Greater bar concentrations will be related to greater clustering of patrons across establishments correlated with risk characteristics. (3) Greater clustering by patrons will result in greater social cohesion in high-risk outlets. The short-term goal of the proposed research is to determine whether at-risk drinkers cluster across on-premise alcohol outlets and whether clustering is increased in areas with high outlet concentrations. The mid-term goal of the study is to initiate studies of social processes that maintain problem behaviors within outlets, identifying social structures that make problems resilient to change. The long-term goal is to provide communities with guidance on regulatory processes that may ameliorate neighborhood problems related to alcohol outlets.