Community Alcohol Outlet Density, Drunken Driving and Violence: Core Group Theory

描述（由申请人提供）：该研究将调查饮酒者和在商店饮酒，以确定醉酒驾驶和酒精相关暴力在社区中维持的社会机制。加州6个社区的165家酒吧的顾客将在周末晚上离开酒吧时接受调查，然后进行电话调查。退出调查将描述当晚的饮酒和社交活动。电话调查将提供饮酒者特征和风险相关行为的背景测量（N H 1,620）。在经酒驾和暴力风险确定的精选门店对顾客和工作人员进行访谈，并在酒吧中随机抽样进行酒吧观察，将描述可能强化问题行为的社会关系和规范。这些酒吧社会动态的定性评估将为定量研究提供信息和扩展。三个假设将被测试：(1)更大的社区社会混乱将与更高的醉酒驾驶率和酒吧顾客的攻击性有关。(2)与风险特征相关的酒吧集中度越高，顾客聚集越多。(3)顾客聚集程度越高，高风险网点的社会凝聚力越强。拟议研究的短期目标是确定有风险的饮酒者是否聚集在内部酒精销售点，以及销售点浓度高的地区是否会增加这种聚集。这项研究的中期目标是开始研究维持问题行为的社会过程，确定使问题适应变化的社会结构。长期目标是向社区提供有关管理程序的指导，以改善与酒类销售点有关的社区问题。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The research will examine drinkers and drinking at outlets to identify social mechanisms by which drunken driving and alcohol-related violence are maintained in communities. Patrons in 165 bars in six California communities will be surveyed on exit from bars on weekend nights, followed by a phone survey. The exit survey will characterize drinking and social interactions that evening. The telephone survey will provide background measures of drinkers' characteristics and risk related behaviors (N H 1,620). Patron and staff interviews in select outlets identified by risk for drinking-driving and violence, together with bar observations conducted in a random sample of the total bars, will characterize social relations and norms that may reinforce problem behaviors. These qualitative assessments of bar social dynamics will inform and extend quantitative studies. Three hypotheses will be tested: (1) Greater neighborhood social disorganization will be related to greater rates of drunken driving and aggression among bar patrons. (2) Greater bar concentrations will be related to greater clustering of patrons across establishments correlated with risk characteristics. (3) Greater clustering by patrons will result in greater social cohesion in high-risk outlets. The short-term goal of the proposed research is to determine whether at-risk drinkers cluster across on-premise alcohol outlets and whether clustering is increased in areas with high outlet concentrations. The mid-term goal of the study is to initiate studies of social processes that maintain problem behaviors within outlets, identifying social structures that make problems resilient to change. The long-term goal is to provide communities with guidance on regulatory processes that may ameliorate neighborhood problems related to alcohol outlets.