Adolescent sleep delay: circadian regulation and phase shifting with light

青少年睡眠延迟：昼夜节律调节和光相移

• 批准号: 8824960
• 负责人: Stephanie Crowley McWilliam
• 金额: $ 41.76万
• 依托单位: RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-04-09 至 2016-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8824960
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Attenuated; Automobile Driving; Beds; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Boxing; Child; Chronic; Circadian Rhythms; Conflict (Psychology); Cues; Data; Depressed mood; Disease; Home environment; Hour; Human; Impairment; Individual; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Learning; Length; Life; Light; Lighting; Mammals; Melatonin; Methods; Moods; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Participant; Pattern; Phase; Phase response curves; Phototherapy; Process; Puberty; Regulation; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research Project Grants; Risk; Running; Salivary; Sampling; Schedule; School-Age Population; Schools; Sleep; Sleep Deprivation; Sleep Disorders; Stimulus; System; Teenagers; Testing; Time; age group; aged; alertness; base; circadian pacemaker; cost effective; design; direct application; experience; falls; high school; improved; practical application; primary outcome; response; sleep regulation; social; tau Proteins; tool; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The broad aim of this proposal is to examine the adolescent circadian (~24-hour) system and its phase shifting responses to light in comparison to adults. Adolescents often report late bedtimes and a tendency to be most alert in the evening, behaviors that are partly driven by the endogenous circadian clock. The circadian cue for sleep and wake initiation is late during the teen years. Unfortunately, this late sleep pattern coincides with the early start time of high school. Thus, many adolescents in high school (aged 14-17 years) are faced with a conflicting biological drive to fall asleep late and a social drive to wake early for school. The resulting sleep restriction is associated with a number of negative outcomes, including poor academic grades, an increased risk for depressed mood, and decrements in daytime alertness. Bright light is able to phase shift (reset) the circadian clock, and thus could help youngsters adjust to their early school sleep/wake schedule. Commercially available light boxes could be used at home for treatment; however, it is essential to have a phase response curve (PRC) to light to know the optimal times of bright light administration and avoidance to produce the maximum phase shift in the desired direction. PRCs graphically illustrate the phase shifting response to a stimulus (e.g., bright light) when it is presented at different times across the 24-hour day. Currently, there are several PRCs to light for young adult humans, but no light PRC exists for adolescent humans. It remains untested whether the adult light PRC is appropriate to guide light treatment in adolescents. We aim to generate a PRC to light for adolescents aged 14-17 years and a PRC to light for adults aged 35 to 45 years. By doing so, we will examine the hypothesis that adolescents manifest smaller phase advance responses and/or larger phase delay responses to light compared to adults. We will also examine the hypothesis that adolescents manifest a longer free-running circadian period compared to adults. Participants will complete two counterbalanced 5-day laboratory sessions. Each session begins and ends with salivary melatonin sampling to determine the phase shift of the circadian clock. In between, participants keep an ultradian light/dark schedule (sleep for 2 h and wake for 2 h) for 3 days. In one session, no stimulus is given and the circadian system free-runs yielding the endogenous circadian period. In the other, a bright light stimulus is turned on once per day at various points of the circadian cycle. Resulting phase shifts after bright light ar corrected for an individual's free-running period, and are plotted relative to light administration time to generate the PRCs. This study may further our understanding of circadian factors associated with late sleep patterns during adolescence. Furthermore, PRCs to light generated from this study will have direct and practical applications for phase shifting circadian rhythms and treating circadian-based sleep disorders in these age groups.

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案的主要目的是检查青少年的昼夜节律（~24小时）系统及其与成人相比对光的相移反应。青少年经常报告晚睡，并且倾向于在晚上最警觉，这些行为部分是由内源性生物钟驱动的。在青少年时期，睡眠和觉醒的昼夜节律提示较晚。不幸的是，这种晚睡模式 因为高中开学早因此，许多高中青少年（14-17岁）面临着晚睡的生物驱动力和醒来的社会驱动力之间的冲突 早点上学。由此产生的睡眠限制与许多负面结果有关，包括学业成绩差，抑郁情绪的风险增加，以及白天警觉性下降。明亮的光线能够相移（重置）生物钟，因此可以帮助青少年适应他们的早期学校睡眠/唤醒时间表。可在家中使用市售的灯箱进行治疗;然而，必须具有对光的相位响应曲线（PRC），以了解强光施用和避免的最佳时间，从而在所需方向上产生最大相移。PRC以图形方式示出了对刺激的相移响应（例如，明亮的光），当它在24小时内的不同时间出现时。目前，有几种PRC可用于年轻成年人，但不存在用于青少年的轻PRC。成人光PRC是否适合指导青少年的光治疗仍有待检验。我们的目标是为14-17岁的青少年和35 - 45岁的成年人提供PRC。通过这样做，我们将检查的假设，即青少年表现出较小的相位提前反应和/或较大的相位延迟反应，以轻于成人。我们还将研究的假设，青少年表现出较长的自由运行的昼夜节律期相比，成人。参与者将完成两个为期5天的平衡实验室课程。每个疗程以唾液褪黑激素采样开始和结束，以确定生物钟的相移。在此期间，参与者保持ultradian亮/暗时间表（睡眠2小时，清醒2小时）3天。在一个会话中，不给予刺激，昼夜节律系统自由运行，产生内源性昼夜节律周期。在另一种情况下，每天在昼夜节律周期的不同时间点打开一次强光刺激。在强光照射后产生的相移，根据个体的自由奔跑时间进行校正，并相对于光的施用作图。 时间来生成PRC。本研究有助于我们进一步了解与青春期晚睡模式相关的昼夜节律因素。此外，从本研究中产生的PRCs将直接和实际应用于相移昼夜节律和治疗这些年龄组中基于昼夜节律的睡眠障碍。