Facilitation and competition across languages in multilingual aphasia

多语言失语症中跨语言的促进和竞争

• 批准号: 8913117
• 负责人: Mira Goral
• 金额: $ 31.35万
• 依托单位: HERBERT H. LEHMAN COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-08-17 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8913117
• 关键词: Accidents; Accounting; Adult; Affect; Age; Aphasia; Blood Vessels; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain region; Caring; Censuses; Clinical; Communication; Complex; Comprehension; Data; Data Set; Development; Exhibits; Frequencies; Growth; Health; Home environment; Impairment; Individual; Language; Language Development; Language Disorders; Language Therapy; Lead; Left; Lesion; Linguistics; Neurologic; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Population; Process; Production; Productivity; Recording of previous events; Recovery; Recruitment Activity; Rehabilitation therapy; Relative (related person); Research; Research Project Grants; Site; Stroke; Testing; Treatment outcome; aphasia rehabilitation; bilingualism; clinical practice; design; disability; experience; lexical; relating to nervous system; response; skills; specific language impairment; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One of the most devastating consequences of a left-hemisphere stroke (CVA) is aphasia, the loss of language abilities. The impairment is characterized by great inter-individual variability and is associated with the site and the extent f the brain lesion and with a number of personal and external variables. Despite the promise of recent evidence for neural plasticity in the adult brain - with studies demonstrating neuronal reorganization and growth even in adulthood - recovery from aphasia is typically slow and almost always incomplete. Understanding the neural processes associated with recovery from aphasia is critical to the effort to maximize language rehabilitation. The context of such efforts o maximize recovery and reduce disability from aphasia has seen a shift in recent years, with increasing numbers of care receivers who speak multiple languages and belong to multiple cultures. Indeed, it is estimated that more than half the worlds' population is bilingual or multilingual; in the U.S., the numbers of those who speak languages other than English at home have been growing, with a recent estimate of 20% (U.S. Census Bureau, 2007). In the proposed research project, multilingual individuals with aphasia will be recruited and two sets of data will be obtained. The first comprises information about the participants' language history, proficiency and use, brain lesion, and their performance on language production and comprehension tasks in all their languages. The second set involves the administration of intensive language treatment and the assessment of treatment-related change in the treated as well as untreated languages. Predictions of currently competing theories of how multiple languages are organized and accessed in the adult brain will be tested by the examination of differential patterns of impairment in different languages and of cross-language treatment carryover. Moreover, a better understanding of the interaction among the variables that contribute to patterns of impairment and recovery in multilinguals will lead to the improvement of language treatment in multilingual aphasia and will inform clinical decisions in language assessment and treatment for the growing multilingual population of our day.

描述（由申请人提供）：左眼中风（CVA）最具破坏性的后果之一是失语，是语言能力的丧失。障碍的特征是个体间的变化很大，与位点以及脑病变的程度以及许多个人和外部变量有关。尽管最近有证据表明成人大脑中神经可塑性的证据 - 研究表明神经元重组和成长即使是在成年期，但从失语中恢复通常是缓慢的，几乎总是不完整。了解与失语症恢复有关的神经过程对于最大程度地提高语言康复的努力至关重要。近年来，这种努力的背景使人们最大程度地恢复并减少失语症的残疾发生了变化，越来越多的护理接收者会说多种语言，并且属于多种文化。确实，据估计，世界一半以上是双语的或多语言的。在美国，在家中说英语以外的语言的人的数量一直在增长，最近的估计为20％（美国人口普查局，2007年）。在拟议的研究项目中，将招募有失语症的多语言个人，两组数据将 获得。第一个包括有关参与者的语言历史，熟练程度和使用，脑部病变的信息，以及其在所有语言中的语言生产和理解任务上的表现。第二盘涉及对治疗和未经处理的语言中与治疗相关的变化的评估。通过检查不同语言和跨语言治疗可持续下降的差异模式，将测试目前对成人大脑中多种语言如何组织和访问多种语言的竞争理论的预测。此外，更好地理解有助于多种语言中有助于损害和恢复模式的变量之间的相互作用，将导致多语言失语症中语言治疗的改善，并将为我们当天不断增长的多语言人群的语言评估和治疗中的临床决策提供依据。