Smartphone Help for DWI Offenders and Their Families: A B-SMART App

描述（由申请人提供）：醉酒驾驶（DWI）仍然是美国发病率和死亡率的重要和可预防的来源。在美国，已经尝试了各种制裁和干预措施来减少DWI，包括加强酒后驾车执法力度，更严格的酒后驾车法律，负责任的酒精饮料服务培训和酒精治疗。点火联锁装置（IID），它需要一个司机吹到安装在汽车上的呼气测醉器单元，以建立清醒，减少酒后驾驶，而安装。IID的使用已经变得普遍：美国大多数州现在要求被定罪的醉酒司机在他们的汽车上安装IID。然而，研究最终表明，一旦IID从DWI罪犯的汽车中移除，DWI累犯水平将恢复到与没有安装IID的罪犯相当的水平。这表明只要安装了IID，它们就有效，但在安装期之后不会产生任何影响。然而，IID确实有效地提供了安装时停止酒后驾驶的服务。这里提出的是系统的发展（在第一阶段）和随机疗效试验（在第二阶段）的干预，旨在延长醉酒驾驶停止最初提供的IID。B-SMART将是一个智能手机应用程序，将涉及有关家庭成员（CFM）的DWI罪犯提供应对技能，沟通技巧和战略，以帮助避免DWI。这种干预的独特之处在于家庭成员参与支持DWI罪犯不酒后驾车，并使用智能手机技术使这种支持立即，可访问和可传播。干预的内容将基于经验验证的夫妇治疗酒精使用障碍的共同研究者McCrady开发的，翻译到智能手机平台。该项目的第一阶段将涉及B-SMART的系统和迭代开发，采用：1）专家咨询委员会，2）社区咨询委员会，3）迭代开发，多媒体和可用性焦点小组以及由CFM和DWI罪犯组成的访谈。B-SMART的具体里程碑和可交付成果预计将在第一阶段完成。该项目未来的第二阶段将涉及完成B-SMART，以及B-SMART的随机有效性试验，该试验将检查其对各种酒精相关因变量的影响，包括DWI再逮捕。如果B-SMART被证明影响DWI和DWI重新逮捕，政府，社区和治疗实体，沿着DWI罪犯的家庭，将有一个重要的和可用的工具，以进一步减少DWI的社会，健康和经济后果。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Driving while intoxicated (DWI) remains a substantial and preventable source of morbidity and mortality in the United States. A variety of sanctions and interventions have been attempted to reduce DWI in the U.S., including enhanced DWI enforcement efforts, stricter drunk driving laws, responsible alcohol beverage service training, and alcohol treatment. The Ignition Interlock Device (IID), which requires a driver to blow into a breathalyzer unit installed in an automobile to establish sobriety, reduces drunk driving while installed. The use of IIDs has become widespread: most states in the U.S. now require convicted drunk drivers to install an IID in their cars upon some form of conviction. However, research has conclusively shown that once the IIDs are removed from DWI offenders' cars, DWI recidivism levels return to those comparable to offenders who did not have an IID installed. This indicates that IIDs are effective as long as they are installed, but do not provide any effect beyond the installation period. IIDs do, however, effectively provide a cessation of drunk driving while installed. Proposed here is the systematic development (in Phase I) and randomized efficacy trial of (in Phase II) an intervention designed to extend the drunken driving cessation initially provided by an IID. B-SMART will be a smartphone app that will involve the Concerned Family Member (CFM) of DWI offenders by providing coping skills, communication skills, and strategies to help avoid DWI. Unique to this intervention are the involvement of family members in supporting the DWI offender to not drink and drive, and the use of smartphone technology to make that support immediate, accessible, and diffusible. The content of the intervention will be based on empirically validated couples therapy for those with Alcohol Use Disorders developed by co-Investigator McCrady, translated to a smartphone platform. Phase I of this project will involve the systematic and iterative development of B-SMART, employing: 1) an Expert Advisory Board, 2) a Community Advisory Board, and 3) iterative development, multimedia, and usability focus groups and interviews comprised of CFM and DWI offenders. Specific milestones and deliverables for B-SMART are projected for Phase I. A future Phase II of the project will involve the completion of B-SMART, and a randomized efficacy trial of B-SMART that examines its impact on a variety of alcohol-related dependent variables, including DWI re-arrest. Should B-SMART be demonstrated to impact DWI and DWI re-arrest, government, community, and therapeutic entities, along with families of DWI offenders, will have an important and accessible tool to further reduce the social, health and economic consequences of DWI.