Development of Control Over Rewarding Stimuli: A Cognitive Neuroscience Approach

描述（由申请人提供）：青春期是生命中的一段时期，对行为规范的挑战可能会产生严重的短期和长期影响，包括增加药物滥用的风险。迄今为止，对这一时期抑制控制的神经相关性的研究有明显的局限性，因此了解很少，这代表了知识上的差距，对一个重大的公共卫生问题产生了影响。如果我们了解抑制控制的机制，特别是在面对奖励刺激时，我们可以创造更有效的预防性干预。在此，我们通过引入一种新的抑制控制奖励的测试：习惯性食欲行为抑制任务（HABIT）来填补这一文献空白，并建议使用结构和功能磁共振成像来研究童年晚期、青春期早期、青春期晚期和成年期抑制控制奖励的发展过程中的神经相关因素。我们建议进一步研究青少年神经结构和功能与自我报告的药物使用和滥用之间的关系。这项任务，相对于其他抑制控制的评估，隔离了青少年认知的缺陷，相对于儿童，这与青少年冒险和自我报告的冲动的急剧上升最为密切相关

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adolescence is a period of the lifespan when challenges to behavioral regulation can have critical short and long-term repercussions including increased risk for substance abuse. To date, studies of the neural correlates of inhibitory control during this period have clear limitations and are thus poorly understood, representing a gap in knowledge with implications for a major public health concern. If we understood the mechanisms of inhibitory control, specifically in the face of rewarding stimuli, we could create more effective preventive interventions. Here we address this gap in the literature by introducing a novel test of inhibitory control over reward: Habitual Appetitive Behavior Inhibition Task (HABIT) and propose to investigate the neural correlates of the developmental progression of inhibitory control over reward in late childhood, early adolescence, late adolescence and adulthood using structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. We further propose investigating the relationship between neural structure and function and self-reported substance use and abuse during adolescence. This task, relative to other assessments of inhibitory control, isolates deficits in adolescent cognition, relative to children that most closely aligns with the dramatic uptick in risk taking and self-reported impulsivity in adolescence