Development of Control Over Rewarding Stimuli: A Cognitive Neuroscience Approach

描述（由申请人提供）：青春期是生命周期中的一个时期，行为调节的挑战可能会产生关键的短期和长期影响，包括药物滥用的风险增加。迄今为止，在此期间的神经相关的抑制控制的研究有明显的局限性，因此知之甚少，代表了知识的差距与重大的公共卫生问题的影响。如果我们了解抑制控制的机制，特别是在面对奖励刺激时，我们可以创造更有效的预防干预措施。在这里，我们通过引入一种新的测试的抑制控制的奖励：习惯性食欲行为抑制任务（HABIT），并建议调查的神经相关的发育过程中的抑制控制的奖励在童年后期，青春期早期，青春期后期和成年期使用结构和功能磁共振成像。我们进一步建议调查青春期神经结构和功能与自我报告的物质使用和滥用之间的关系。相对于抑制控制的其他评估，这项任务隔离了青少年认知的缺陷，相对于与青少年时期冒险行为和自我报告的冲动性急剧上升最密切相关的儿童

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adolescence is a period of the lifespan when challenges to behavioral regulation can have critical short and long-term repercussions including increased risk for substance abuse. To date, studies of the neural correlates of inhibitory control during this period have clear limitations and are thus poorly understood, representing a gap in knowledge with implications for a major public health concern. If we understood the mechanisms of inhibitory control, specifically in the face of rewarding stimuli, we could create more effective preventive interventions. Here we address this gap in the literature by introducing a novel test of inhibitory control over reward: Habitual Appetitive Behavior Inhibition Task (HABIT) and propose to investigate the neural correlates of the developmental progression of inhibitory control over reward in late childhood, early adolescence, late adolescence and adulthood using structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. We further propose investigating the relationship between neural structure and function and self-reported substance use and abuse during adolescence. This task, relative to other assessments of inhibitory control, isolates deficits in adolescent cognition, relative to children that most closely aligns with the dramatic uptick in risk taking and self-reported impulsivity in adolescence