Do dimensions of adversity differentially predict neural development and psychopathology in young children?

逆境的维度是否对幼儿的神经发育和精神病理学有不同的预测？

• 批准号: 10153474
• 负责人: Margaret Ann Sheridan
• 金额: $ 73.18万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-01 至 2023-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10153474
• 关键词: 7 year old; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age; Amygdaloid structure; Animals; Anxiety; Behavioral; Brain; Child; Child Development; Childhood; Cognitive; Corpus striatum structure; Cues; Data; Development; Dimensions; Disease; Disruptive Behavior Disorder; Electroencephalography; Environment; Evaluation; Exposure to; Family; Fright; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Home; Human; Intervention; Lateral; Laws; Learning; Linguistics; Link; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Modeling; Moods; National Institute of Mental Health; Negative Valence; Neural Pathways; Neurobiology; Neurocognitive; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Neurosciences; Outcome; Parents; Pathway interactions; Physiological; Positive Valence; Poverty; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevention; Process; Proxy; Psychopathology; Reporting; Research; Research Domain Criteria; Rest; Rewards; Risk; Safety; Short-Term Memory; Strategic Planning; Stress; Structure; Support System; Symptoms; System; Systems Development; Testing; Thick; Violence; Work; adverse childhood events; aged; base; classical conditioning; cognitive control; cognitive system; deprivation; design; developmental plasticity; early childhood; early life adversity; emotion regulation; experience; follow-up; improved; learning extinction; middle childhood; neglect; neural circuit; neural network; neurodevelopment; neuroimaging; novel; preservation; relating to nervous system; social; social learning; violence exposure

Project Summary/Abstract Early adversity profoundly affects diverse aspects of child development, including brain development, physiological reactivity to stress, and long-term risk for mental illness. Most models of these effects focus on the number rather than character of adverse childhood experiences. The current proposal tests a novel conceptual model focused on the type of exposure, which differentiates two primary dimensions of experience underlying multiple forms of adversity: deprivation and threat. Deprivation involves a lack of enriching and species expectant cognitive and social inputs (e.g., neglect). Threat involves actual or perceived danger to the physical integrity of the child (e.g., exposure to violence). Here we test the hypothesis that deprivation and threat increase risk for psychopathology through separable neurobiological pathways. We identify these pathways using basic animal and human neuroscience and present them as compliments to existing models. The proposed project will examine the impact of deprivation and threat on the development of neural networks in Cognitive Control Systems and Negative Valance Systems. We predict that early deprivation exposure results in reduced cognitive control, and disruptions in the neural systems supporting cognitive control. Early threat exposure, in contrast, results in disrupted fear learning and alterations in fear circuitry. The current proposal extends our previous work to include longitudinal prediction of psychopathology during middle childhood and in depth evaluation of the proposed neurodevelopmental mechanisms. It is widely hypothesized that adversity primarily influences neural development during early childhood, yet these associations are most often studied in adolescence and adulthood. Here we propose investigating early adversity exposure in young children aged 4-7 years when these systems are undergoing peak development. To assess deprivation and threat in young children we will use in-depth home assessments including observational and parent-report measures. All children will complete structural MRI and functional neuroimaging using EEG and fMRI. The PI has extensive experience collecting such measures from children in this age range and this work follows directly from her recently completed K01 award. Understanding neurodevelopmental processes linking adversity to psychopathology will open up new pathways to prevention and intervention. The proposed research would directly address Objectives 1 and 2 of the NIMH strategic plan.

项目摘要/摘要 早期的逆境深刻地影响着儿童发展的各个方面，包括大脑发育， 对压力的生理反应，以及精神疾病的长期风险。这些效应的大多数模型都集中在 不良童年经历的数量而不是性质。目前的提案是对一部小说的测试 概念模型侧重于暴露的类型，这区分了体验的两个主要维度 潜在的多种形式的逆境：剥夺和威胁。剥夺包括缺乏丰富和 物种期待认知和社会投入(例如，忽视)。威胁涉及实际或感知到的对 儿童的身体健全(例如，遭受暴力)。 在这里，我们测试了剥夺和威胁通过以下途径增加精神病风险的假设 可分离的神经生物学通路。我们使用基本的动物和人类神经科学来识别这些途径 并将它们作为对现有车型的恭维。拟议的项目将审查以下影响 认知控制系统中对神经网络发展的剥夺和威胁及负面影响 瓦朗斯系统公司。我们预测，早期的剥夺暴露会导致认知控制能力下降，并且 支持认知控制的神经系统受到干扰。相比之下，早期的威胁暴露会导致 打乱了恐惧的学习和恐惧回路的改变。目前的提案将我们以前的工作扩展到 包括对儿童中期精神病理学的纵向预测和对 提出了神经发育机制。 人们普遍认为，逆境主要影响儿童早期的神经发育， 然而，这些联系最常在青春期和成年期被研究。在这里，我们建议调查 4-7岁儿童在这些系统处于高峰期时的早期逆境暴露 发展。为了评估幼儿的剥夺和威胁，我们将使用深入的家庭评估 包括观察性措施和家长报告措施。所有儿童将完成结构核磁共振和功能检查 使用脑电和功能磁共振成像进行神经成像。儿童保护协会有从儿童那里收集此类措施的丰富经验 在这个年龄段，这项工作是直接从她最近完成的K01奖。理解 将逆境与精神病理联系起来的神经发育过程将开辟预防的新途径 和干预。拟议的研究将直接涉及NIMH战略计划的目标1和目标2。