Do dimensions of adversity differentially predict neural development and psychopathology in young children?

逆境的维度是否对幼儿的神经发育和精神病理学有不同的预测？

• 批准号: 9918477
• 负责人: Margaret Ann Sheridan
• 金额: $ 75.11万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-01 至 2023-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9918477
• 关键词: 7 year old; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age; Amygdaloid structure; Animals; Anxiety; Behavioral; Brain; Child; Child Development; Childhood; Cognitive; Corpus striatum structure; Cues; Data; Development; Dimensions; Disease; Disruptive Behavior Disorder; Electroencephalography; Environment; Evaluation; Exposure to; Family; Fright; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Home environment; Human; Lateral; Laws; Learning; Linguistics; Link; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Modeling; Moods; National Institute of Mental Health; Negative Valence; Neural Pathways; Neurobiology; Neurocognitive; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Neurosciences; Outcome; Parents; Pathway interactions; Physiological; Positive Valence; Poverty; Prefrontal Cortex; Preventive Intervention; Process; Proxy; Psychopathology; Reporting; Research; Research Domain Criteria; Rest; Rewards; Risk; Safety; Short-Term Memory; Strategic Planning; Stress; Structure; Support System; Symptoms; System; Systems Development; Testing; Thick; Violence; Work; adverse childhood events; aged; base; classical conditioning; cognitive control; cognitive system; deprivation; design; developmental plasticity; early childhood; early life adversity; emotion regulation; experience; follow-up; improved; learning extinction; middle childhood; neglect; neural circuit; neural network; neurodevelopment; neuroimaging; novel; preservation; relating to nervous system; social; social learning; violence exposure

Project Summary/Abstract Early adversity profoundly affects diverse aspects of child development, including brain development, physiological reactivity to stress, and long-term risk for mental illness. Most models of these effects focus on the number rather than character of adverse childhood experiences. The current proposal tests a novel conceptual model focused on the type of exposure, which differentiates two primary dimensions of experience underlying multiple forms of adversity: deprivation and threat. Deprivation involves a lack of enriching and species expectant cognitive and social inputs (e.g., neglect). Threat involves actual or perceived danger to the physical integrity of the child (e.g., exposure to violence). Here we test the hypothesis that deprivation and threat increase risk for psychopathology through separable neurobiological pathways. We identify these pathways using basic animal and human neuroscience and present them as compliments to existing models. The proposed project will examine the impact of deprivation and threat on the development of neural networks in Cognitive Control Systems and Negative Valance Systems. We predict that early deprivation exposure results in reduced cognitive control, and disruptions in the neural systems supporting cognitive control. Early threat exposure, in contrast, results in disrupted fear learning and alterations in fear circuitry. The current proposal extends our previous work to include longitudinal prediction of psychopathology during middle childhood and in depth evaluation of the proposed neurodevelopmental mechanisms. It is widely hypothesized that adversity primarily influences neural development during early childhood, yet these associations are most often studied in adolescence and adulthood. Here we propose investigating early adversity exposure in young children aged 4-7 years when these systems are undergoing peak development. To assess deprivation and threat in young children we will use in-depth home assessments including observational and parent-report measures. All children will complete structural MRI and functional neuroimaging using EEG and fMRI. The PI has extensive experience collecting such measures from children in this age range and this work follows directly from her recently completed K01 award. Understanding neurodevelopmental processes linking adversity to psychopathology will open up new pathways to prevention and intervention. The proposed research would directly address Objectives 1 and 2 of the NIMH strategic plan.

项目总结/文摘