Targeting Cortical Dynamics: Rational Design of Individualized Brain Stimulation

针对皮质动力学：个性化大脑刺激的合理设计

• 批准号: 8729022
• 负责人: Flavio Frohlich
• 金额: $ 45.16万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8729022
• 关键词: Adverse effects; Affect; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder; Auditory; Autistic Disorder; Behavioral; Brain; Computer Simulation; Coupled; Data; Detection; Development; Electroencephalogram; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology (science); Exhibits; Feedback; Ferrets; Frequencies; Generic Drugs; Goals; Hallucinations; Human; Impaired cognition; Individual; Lead; Measures; Mental disorders; Mission; Neurobehavioral Manifestations; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Psychophysics; Public Health; Relative (related person); Research; Rest; Risk; Role; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Sensory Process; Short-Term Memory; Structure; Symptoms; Tars; Testing; Visual; Work; area striata; awake; base; cognitive control; design; human subject; in vivo; innovation; interdisciplinary approach; novel; programs; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; sensory cortex; sensory gating; ward

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cognitive symptoms in psychiatric disorders are associated with changes in the temporal structure of brain activity. For example, altered rhythmic activity in the gamma frequency band (>30 Hz) in the cortex is implicated in psychiatric symptoms such as hallucinations, reduced sensory gating, and impaired cognitive control. Despite growing recognition of the functional roles of oscillations in cortex, the dynamics that govern the occurrence of different rhythmic activity states (i.e. cortical state dynamics) remain unknown. Since states with fast rhythms likely enhance sensory processing while states with slow rhythms disconnect cortex from sensory input during rest, understanding cortical state dynamics has broad implications for the study and treatment of cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia, autism, and attention-deficit disorder such as impaired attention and perception. The long-term goal is to understand the electrophysiological signatures and behavioral correlates of cortical state dynamics and to develop individualized brain stimulation to treat mental illness by modulating cortical state dynamics. The objective of the proposed research is to understand cortical state dynamics in response to sensory input and to modulate these dynamics with feedback stimulation using non-invasive transcranial current stimulation in humans. The central hypothesis of this work is that cortical networks exhibit spontaneous and induced transitions between slow and fast oscillatory activity states that can be controlled with non-invasive brain stimulation. In order to test this hypothesis, this work utilizes an interdisciplinary approach that integrates computer simulations, in vivo ferret electrophysiology, and non-invasive transcranial current stimulation coupled with electroen- cephalography (EEG) in healthy human subjects to pursue the following three specific aims: (1) to determine the electrophysiological substrate of cortical states during rest and sensory stimulation, (2) to identify optimal waveforms for transcranial current stimulation as a function of cortical state, an (3) to develop and evaluate feedback transcranial brain stimulation to control cortical state dynamics and modulate their behavioral correlates in humans. This work is significant because feedback brain stimulation radically differs from today's prevalent brain stimulation that utilizes generic, pre-programmed stimulation waveforms. The results of this work are intended to catalyze a paradigm shift in the treatment of mental illnesses to- wards effective, individualized brain stimulation based on rational design.

描述（由申请人提供）：精神疾病的认知症状与大脑活动的时间结构的变化有关。例如，皮质伽马频带（>30 Hz）节律活动的改变与幻觉、感觉门控减少和认知控制受损等精神症状有关。尽管人们越来越认识到皮层振荡的功能作用，但控制不同节律活动状态（即皮层状态动力学）发生的动力学仍然未知。由于快节奏的状态可能会增强感觉处理，而慢节奏的状态会在休息时使皮质与感觉输入断开，因此了解皮质状态动态对于精神分裂症、自闭症和注意力缺陷障碍（例如注意力和感知受损）的认知症状的研究和治疗具有广泛的意义。长期目标是了解皮层状态动力学的电生理特征和行为相关性，并开发个性化的大脑刺激，通过调节皮层状态动力学来治疗精神疾病。拟议研究的目的是了解响应感觉输入的皮层状态动态，并使用人类非侵入性经颅电流刺激通过反馈刺激来调节这些动态。这项工作的中心假设是，皮质网络表现出慢速和快速振荡活动状态之间的自发和诱导转变，可以通过非侵入性脑刺激进行控制。为了检验这一假设，这项工作采用跨学科方法，将计算机模拟、雪貂体内电生理学、非侵入性经颅电流刺激与健康人类受试者的脑电图（EEG）相结合，以实现以下三个具体目标：（1）确定休息和感觉刺激期间皮质状态的电生理基础，（2）识别 作为皮质状态函数的经颅电流刺激的最佳波形，(3)开发和评估反馈经颅脑刺激以控制皮质状态动态并调节其在人类中的行为相关性。这项工作意义重大，因为反馈脑刺激与当今普遍使用的脑刺激完全不同。 通用的、预编程的刺激波形。这项工作的结果旨在促进精神疾病治疗的范式转变，转向基于合理设计的有效、个性化的大脑刺激。