Project 2: Exposure Disparities Related to Resident Behavior and Housing Characteristics

项目2：与居民行为和住房特征相关的暴露差异

• 批准号: 8994620
• 负责人: Gary Adamkiewicz
• 金额: $ 15.18万
• 依托单位: HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-24 至 2020-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8994620
• 关键词: Affect; Air; Air Conditioning; Behavior; Censuses; Characteristics; Chemicals; Collaborations; Communities; County; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; Development; Environmental Health; Environmental air flow; Epidemiologic Studies; Evaluation; Exposure to; Future; Goals; Health; Home environment; Household; Housing; Individual; Influentials; Intervention; Left; Life Cycle Stages; Literature; Low income; Massachusetts; Methods; Monitor; Neighborhoods; Noise; Outreach Research; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Population Study; Process; Public Health; Questionnaires; Research; Risk; Risk Assessment; Seasons; Shapes; Source; Techniques; Temperature; Testing; Time; United States; base; chemical association; environmental stressor; experience; health disparity; improved; indoor exposure; innovation; monitoring device; pollutant; pressure; racial and ethnic; residence; socioeconomics; spatiotemporal; stressor; temporal measurement; ultrafine particle

PROJECT SUMMARY While environmental health disparities are known to be related to neighborhood-scale gradients in ambient exposures, housing attributes and in-home activities can further differentiate exposures along significant within- neighborhood socioeconomic gradients. Importantly, housing factors may not only modify personal exposures, but may also be a direct stressor with independent effects on health. Despite their importance in determining personal exposures to chemical and non-chemical stressors, household-level factors are rarely incorporated into epidemiological studies or risk analyses, leaving an important gap in evaluations of environmental health disparities. The goal for this project is to develop and implement innovative methods to provide improved estimates for between-household variability in exposures. We will identify the key determinants (among activity patterns, temperature, source usage, ambient pollutant concentrations, and air exchange rates) of indoor exposure to chemical stressors (e.g., PM2.5, ultrafine particles, NO2) within small spatial scales, to best characterize drivers of exposure disparities and to directly inform targets for future mitigation at the household level. In addition, we will characterize variability in non-chemical stressors (noise, thermal comfort) to understand the distribution of these key modifiers and their sociodemographic and structural predictors. We will focus our intensive exposure monitoring study on 200 homes in the Center‟s two target communities of Chelsea and Dorchester, Massachusetts. We aim to determine how resident behavior and housing characteristics affect indoor-outdoor associations of chemical stressors, noise, and thermal comfort in our study population, considering the extent to which associations can be predicted by detailed individual activity data, more general questionnaire information, and publicly-available geospatial covariates. Finally, we will use community-based crowdsourcing approaches to assess housing and household characteristics to develop season-specific determinants that predict ventilation characteristics for every residence in Chelsea and Dorchester. Project 2 will involve close collaboration with community partners in the research and outreach/dissemination process through the Community Engagement Core, strengthening both the quality of the research and its potential to improve public health. These goals have direct linkages to the Center‟s activities under Projects 1 and 3. Our results will contribute directly to the exposure disparities analyses and cumulative risk assessment applications in Project 3, and will help in the development of housing-related covariates to be tested in epidemiological studies within Project 1. We will also be able to identify intervention targets that have the greatest potential to reduce indoor exposures for those experiencing differential exposures to chemical and non-chemical stressors at home.

项目概要 虽然已知环境健康差异与周围环境的邻里尺度梯度有关 暴露、住房属性和家庭活动可以进一步区分显着内部暴露 邻里社会经济梯度。重要的是，住房因素不仅可能改变个人暴露， 但也可能是对健康产生独立影响的直接压力源。尽管它们对于确定 个人接触化学和非化学压力源，家庭层面的因素很少被纳入 流行病学研究或风险分析，在环境健康评估中留下重要空白 差异。该项目的目标是开发和实施创新方法，以提供改进的 对家庭间暴露差异的估计。我们将确定关键的决定因素（活动之间 模式、温度、源使用、环境污染物浓度和空气交换率） 在小空间尺度内暴露于化学应激源（例如 PM2.5、超细颗粒、NO2），以达到最佳效果 描述暴露差异的驱动因素并直接告知家庭未来缓解目标 等级。此外，我们将描述非化学压力源（噪音、热舒适度）的变异性，以 了解这些关键修饰因素的分布及其社会人口和结构预测因素。我们将 我们的集中暴露监测研究集中在该中心两个目标社区的 200 个家庭 马萨诸塞州切尔西和多切斯特。我们的目标是确定居民的行为和住房如何 特性影响我们的化学压力源、噪音和热舒适度的室内外关联 研究人群，考虑通过详细的个体活动可以预测关联的程度 数据、更一般的问卷信息和公开的地理空间协变量。最后，我们将使用 基于社区的众包方法来评估住房和家庭特征，以开发 预测切尔西每个住宅的通风特性的特定季节决定因素 多切斯特。项目 2 将涉及与社区合作伙伴在研究和 通过社区参与核心进行外展/传播过程，加强 该研究及其改善公共卫生的潜力。这些目标与中心的目标有直接联系。 项目 1 和 3 下的活动。我们的结果将直接有助于暴露差异分析和 项目3的累积风险评估应用，将有助于住房相关的发展 协变量将在项目 1 内的流行病学研究中进行测试。我们还将能够确定干预措施 对于那些经历差异的人来说，最有可能减少室内暴露的目标 在家中接触化学和非化学压力源。