Project 2: Exposure Disparities Related to Resident Behavior and Housing Characteristics

项目总结 虽然众所周知，环境健康差异与环境中邻里尺度的梯度有关 暴露、住房属性和居家活动可以进一步区分暴露在显著的- 社区的社会经济梯度。重要的是，住房因素可能不仅会改变个人的风险敞口， 但也可能是对健康有独立影响的直接压力源。尽管它们在确定 个人暴露于化学和非化学应激源，家庭层面的因素很少被纳入 进入流行病学研究或风险分析，在环境健康评估方面留下了一个重大空白 差距。这个项目的目标是开发和实施创新的方法，以提供改进的 对风险敞口的家庭间变异性的估计。我们将确定(活动中的)关键决定因素 模式、温度、源使用、环境污染物浓度和空气交换率) 暴露在小空间尺度内的化学应激源(如PM2.5、超细颗粒物、NO2)，最好 确定暴露差异的驱动因素，并直接告知家庭未来缓解的目标 水平。此外，我们还将描述非化学应激源(噪音、热舒适)的可变性 了解这些关键因素的分布及其社会人口和结构预测因素。我们会 S中心两个目标社区200户居民集中暴露监测研究 马萨诸塞州的切尔西和多切斯特。我们的目标是确定居民行为和住房 在我们的产品中，特性会影响室内外化学应激源、噪声和热舒适性 研究人群，考虑到通过详细的个人活动可以预测关联的程度 数据、更一般的问卷信息和公开可用的地理空间协变量。最后，我们将使用 以社区为基础的众包方法，以评估待开发的住房和家庭特征 预测切尔西和伦敦每个住宅的通风特性的特定季节决定因素 多尔切斯特。项目2将涉及与社区合作伙伴在研究和 通过社区参与核心的外联/传播进程，加强 这项研究及其改善公共健康的潜力。这些目标与中心有着直接的联系。S 项目1和项目3下的活动。我们的结果将直接有助于接触差异分析和 在项目3中应用累积风险评估，并将有助于开发与住房相关的 将在项目1内的流行病学研究中测试的协变量。我们还将能够确定干预措施 最有潜力减少不同人群室内暴露的目标 在家中暴露于化学和非化学应激源。

PROJECT SUMMARY While environmental health disparities are known to be related to neighborhood-scale gradients in ambient exposures, housing attributes and in-home activities can further differentiate exposures along significant within- neighborhood socioeconomic gradients. Importantly, housing factors may not only modify personal exposures, but may also be a direct stressor with independent effects on health. Despite their importance in determining personal exposures to chemical and non-chemical stressors, household-level factors are rarely incorporated into epidemiological studies or risk analyses, leaving an important gap in evaluations of environmental health disparities. The goal for this project is to develop and implement innovative methods to provide improved estimates for between-household variability in exposures. We will identify the key determinants (among activity patterns, temperature, source usage, ambient pollutant concentrations, and air exchange rates) of indoor exposure to chemical stressors (e.g., PM2.5, ultrafine particles, NO2) within small spatial scales, to best characterize drivers of exposure disparities and to directly inform targets for future mitigation at the household level. In addition, we will characterize variability in non-chemical stressors (noise, thermal comfort) to understand the distribution of these key modifiers and their sociodemographic and structural predictors. We will focus our intensive exposure monitoring study on 200 homes in the Center‟s two target communities of Chelsea and Dorchester, Massachusetts. We aim to determine how resident behavior and housing characteristics affect indoor-outdoor associations of chemical stressors, noise, and thermal comfort in our study population, considering the extent to which associations can be predicted by detailed individual activity data, more general questionnaire information, and publicly-available geospatial covariates. Finally, we will use community-based crowdsourcing approaches to assess housing and household characteristics to develop season-specific determinants that predict ventilation characteristics for every residence in Chelsea and Dorchester. Project 2 will involve close collaboration with community partners in the research and outreach/dissemination process through the Community Engagement Core, strengthening both the quality of the research and its potential to improve public health. These goals have direct linkages to the Center‟s activities under Projects 1 and 3. Our results will contribute directly to the exposure disparities analyses and cumulative risk assessment applications in Project 3, and will help in the development of housing-related covariates to be tested in epidemiological studies within Project 1. We will also be able to identify intervention targets that have the greatest potential to reduce indoor exposures for those experiencing differential exposures to chemical and non-chemical stressors at home.