Neighborhood interventions in alcohol-related homicide: a systems approach

酒精相关凶杀案的邻里干预：系统方法

• 批准号: 8725029
• 负责人: Magdalena Cerda
• 金额: $ 18.43万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8725029
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Affect; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Area; Cause of Death; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Complex; Computer Simulation; Consumption; Disadvantaged; Economically Deprived Population; Environment; Epidemiologic Methods; Epidemiologic Studies; Exhibits; Fatal Outcome; Health; Health Services Accessibility; Health care facility; Healthcare; Heavy Drinking; Hispanics; Homicide; Individual; Industry; Injury; Intentional injury; Intervention; Life; Life Style; Low Prevalence; Minority; Minority Groups; Modeling; Neighborhoods; New York City; Not Hispanic or Latino; Observational Study; Outcome; Pattern; Policies; Public Health; Research; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Series; Simulate; Social Network; Solutions; Statistical Methods; System; Techniques; Testing; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Victimization; Violence; alcohol misuse; alcohol risk; assault; base; density; density of AOD outlets; design; distilled alcoholic beverage; drinking behavior; ethnic minority population; health care quality; high risk; improved; in vivo; innovation; novel; public health relevance; racial and ethnic disparities; racial/ethnic difference; research study; segregation; social; urban area

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Blacks and Hispanics are more likely to die from alcohol-related homicides than non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs), despite being less likely to drink heavily compared to NHWs. Little epidemiologic research has been conducted to determine what can be done to reduce such disparities. We propose that the disproportionate risk for alcohol-related homicide among racial/ethnic minorities may be related to the systematic residential segregation of racial/ethnic minorities into economically disadvantaged neighborhoods with high alcohol outlet density, low collective efficacy, and reduced quality health care access. We propose to use agent-based models (ABM) to conduct computer simulations of alcohol use, violent perpetration and victimization in neighborhoods, and to simulate the potential impact that changes in neighborhood alcohol outlet density and health care access could have on racial disparities in alcohol-related homicide. By allowing us to simulate counterfactual situations, ABMs overcome the limitations that individual selection of NHWs, Hispanics and Blacks into non-comparable neighborhoods place on causal inference in observational neighborhood studies. In examining and testing these hypothetical simulated interventions, we will also incorporate information on social networks, as the patterns of street and bar consumption associated with concentration of alcohol outlets may encourage the formation of social ties with high-risk drinkers who also exhibit violent behavior. Specifically, w will examine whether the breadth and strength of social ties influences the efficacy of simulated neighborhood interventions in reducing racial/ethnic disparities in alcohol-related homicides. The ABM will include agents matched to the demographic composition of New York City and arranged in a grid divided into neighborhoods, informed by empirically-based parameters assessing a complex network of social ties, neighborhood characteristics, alcohol use and misuse, and victimization and perpetration. The project focuses on simulating NYC neighborhoods; it will inform an NIH R01 proposal to use complex systems approaches.

描述（由申请人提供）：黑人和西班牙裔比非西班牙裔白人 (NHW) 更有可能死于与酒精相关的凶杀案，尽管与非西班牙裔白人 (NHW) 相比，他们酗酒的可能性较小。很少有流行病学研究来确定可以采取哪些措施来减少这种差异。我们认为，少数种族/族裔中与酒精相关的杀人风险过高可能与少数族裔/族裔系统性地居住在经济弱势社区有关，这些社区的酒精出口密度高、集体效能低、医疗保健质量低。我们建议使用基于代理的模型（ABM）对社区中的酒精使用、暴力犯罪和受害进行计算机模拟，并模拟社区酒精出口密度和医疗保健获取的变化可能对酒精相关凶杀的种族差异产生的潜在影响。通过允许我们模拟反事实情况，ABM 克服了在观察性邻里研究中将 NHW、西班牙裔和黑人单独选择进入不可比较的社区对因果推理造成的限制。在检查和测试这些假设的模拟干预措施时，我们还将纳入社交网络上的信息，因为与酒精销售点集中相关的街头和酒吧消费模式可能会鼓励与也表现出暴力行为的高风险饮酒者形成社会联系。具体来说，我们将研究社会关系的广度和强度是否会影响模拟邻里干预措施在减少酒精相关杀人中的种族/民族差异方面的效果。 ABM 将包括与纽约市人口构成相匹配的代理，并按划分为社区的网格排列，并通过基于经验的参数来评估社会关系、社区特征、酒精使用和滥用以及受害和犯罪的复杂网络。该项目的重点是模拟纽约市的社区；它将为 NIH R01 提案提供使用复杂系统方法的信息。