Bio-Specimen Assessment of Fire Effects (B-SAFE) Pregnancy Study

火灾影响生物样本评估 (B-SAFE) 妊娠研究

• 批准号: 9918374
• 负责人: Rebecca Jean Schmidt
• 金额: $ 11.78万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-04-18 至 2023-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9918374
• 关键词: Affect; Air; Area; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Biological Markers; Birth; Burn injury; California; Chemicals; Child; County; Data; Development; Disasters; Distress; Eligibility Determination; Emotional; Exposure to; Fire - disasters; Formaldehyde; Future; Gestational Age; Glues; Goals; Growth and Development function; Hair; Halogens; Health; Health Planning; High temperature of physical object; Human; Hydrocortisone; Investigation; Location; Low Birth Weight Infant; Masks; Maternal and Child Health; Mental Depression; Metals; Monitor; Mothers; Nature; Outcome; Participant; Particulate Matter; Persons; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnant Women; Property; Psychosocial Stress; Public Health; Rain; Recording of previous events; Reporting; San Francisco; Smoke; Solvents; Stress; Structure; Surface; Surveys; Symptoms; System; Time; Visit; Vulnerable Populations; Wildfire; Woman; air filtration; arm; base; biobank; cohort; critical period; fine particles; follow-up; indexing; metropolitan; post-traumatic symptoms; postnatal; pregnant; psychosocial; residence; respiratory; response; sample collection; urban area; volatile organic compound

Abstract On November 8th, 2018, the Camp Fire erupted in Northern California's Butte County. It was the deadliest and most devastating wildfire in California history, with over 153,336 acres burned, 86 confirmed fatalities, over 18,500 structures destroyed including nearly 14,000 residences. Over 50,000 people were evacuated. This fire was unusual not only in its scale and the rapidity of its spread to urban areas, but also in the vast area blanketed in smoke that followed for a defined window of two weeks until the first rainfall. The wildfire smoke plume spread quickly across vast areas of Northern California, and the air quality index was at hazardous levels for most of Northern California for two weeks, with particulate matter <2.5 µm (PM2.5) concentrations reaching the highest levels ever recorded in the region, including large metropolitan areas like Sacramento, Oakland, San Francisco, and San Jose, affecting millions, including ~100,000 pregnant women. There are widespread concerns about potential health impacts of these urban wildfires and how to mitigate their effects, especially in vulnerable populations like pregnant women and their developing children. Exposure to extremely unhealthy levels of wildfire PM2.5 for nearly two weeks for the majority who were unable to leave Northern California are compounded by the unique composition of urban wildfire smoke. An array of potentially toxic volatile organic compounds may be released with high temperature combustion of chemicals widely used in building construction and interior furnishings, such as solvents, glues, metals, formaldehydes, and halogens. Additionally, like other disasters that act as inherently unpredictable forces of nature that threaten person and property, wildfires can induce emotional and psychosocial distress and potentially long-term consequences like persistent post-traumatic stress symptoms and depression. Exposures to contaminants and stress in combination could have serious long-term developmental consequences if delivered during critical periods in pregnancy. The goal of this R21 is to rapidly establish a cohort of women who were at different stages of pregnancy during the Camp Fire and their children, collect biosamples and survey information that will be used in future studies to determine exposure loads, mechanistic responses, health biomarkers and developmental outcomes. The cohort will have two eligibility arms: a) those residing within our target area closest to the fire and within a feasible driving distance for in-person pregnancy, delivery, and postnatal visits and future follow- up and b) women in Northern California pregnant during the Camp Fire who will complete an online survey and mail in biospecimens. Participant near-surface wildfire PM2.5 exposure estimated from satellite and ground monitor data, potential exposure-reducing behaviors, and residence aspects will be examined in relation to maternal symptoms, stress biomarkers, and child gestational age and birthweight. The cohort and biorepository established through this proposal will support future studies to understand and minimize the developmental effects of future wildfires, as they increase in number, duration, and intensity.

抽象的 2018年11月8日，北加州巴特县爆发坎普大火。这是最致命的 加州历史上最具破坏性的野火，烧毁面积超过 153,336 英亩，已确认 86 人死亡，超过 18,500 栋建筑被毁，其中包括近 14,000 栋住宅。超过 50,000 人被疏散。这场火 其不同寻常之处不仅在于其规模及其向城市地区传播的速度，而且还在于其广阔的地区 烟雾笼罩了两周的时间，直到第一次降雨。野火烟雾 羽流迅速蔓延到北加州广大地区，空气质量指数处于危险水平 北加州大部分地区连续两周处于持续水平，颗粒物浓度 <2.5 µm (PM2.5) 达到该地区有史以来的最高水平，包括萨克拉门托等大都市区， 奥克兰、旧金山和圣何塞，影响数百万人，其中包括约 100,000 名孕妇。有 人们普遍担心这些城市野火的潜在健康影响以及如何减轻其影响， 尤其是孕妇及其发育中的孩子等弱势群体。暴露于极端 对于大多数无法离开北部地区的人来说，近两周的山火 PM2.5 水平处于不健康水平 城市野火烟雾的独特成分使加利福尼亚州的情况变得更加复杂。一系列潜在有毒物质 广泛使用的化学品在高温燃烧时可能会释放出挥发性有机化合物 建筑结构和室内陈设，例如溶剂、胶水、金属、甲醛和卤素。 此外，与其他自然灾害一样，它们本质上是不可预测的自然力量，威胁着人类和 财产，野火可能会引起情绪和心理困扰以及潜在的长期后果，例如 持续的创伤后应激症状和抑郁症。暴露于污染物和压力 如果在关键时期进行联合治疗，可能会产生严重的长期发育后果 怀孕。 R21 的目标是快速建立一组处于不同阶段的女性 营火期间的怀孕及其孩子，收集将使用的生物样本和调查信息 在未来的研究中，以确定暴露负荷、机械反应、健康生物标志物和发育 结果。该群体将有两个资格群体：a) 居住在距离火灾最近的目标区域内的人 并在可行的驾驶距离内进行现场怀孕、分娩、产后检查以及未来的随访 up 和 b) 北加州在营火期间怀孕的妇女将完成在线调查 邮寄生物样本。根据卫星和地面估算的参与者近地表野火 PM2.5 暴露量 将检查监测数据、潜在的减少暴露行为和居住方面 产妇症状、压力生物标志物以及儿童胎龄和出生体重。该队列和 通过该提案建立的生物样本库将支持未来的研究，以了解并尽量减少 未来野火的发展影响，因为野火的数量、持续时间和强度都会增加。