Alcoholism and Brain Functions

酗酒和大脑功能

• 批准号: 8586869
• 负责人: MARLENE OSCAR BERMAN
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: VA BOSTON HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-10-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8586869
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Affective; Afghanistan; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol-Related Disorders; Alcoholism; Alcohols; American; Amygdaloid structure; Anisotropy; Area; Arousal; Award; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Bilateral; Brain; Brain imaging; Brain region; Cerebral hemisphere; Cerebrum; Characteristics; Chronic; Cognitive; Corpus striatum structure; Coupling; Data; Data Analyses; Development; Diffusion; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease; Down-Regulation; Education; Emotional; Emotional disorder; Emotions; Ethnic group; Exposure to; Face; Feedback; Female; Functional Imaging; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Galvanic Skin Response; Gender; Gray unit of radiation dose; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Hypersensitivity; Impaired cognition; Individual; Iraq; Laboratories; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maintenance; Measures; Medial; Medical; Memory; Military Personnel; Modality; Nature; Neurobiology; Nucleus Accumbens; Participant; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Peripheral; Population; Predisposing Factor; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevalence; Progress Reports; Psychophysiology; Publishing; Reaction Time; Regulation; Research; Rewards; Sex Characteristics; Stimulus; Structure; System; Testing; Thick; Time; Up-Regulation; Ventral Striatum; Veterans; Woman; Women' s Group; Work; addiction; alcohol cue; alcohol misuse; base; case finding; cingulate cortex; cingulate gyrus; cognitive control; cognitive function; combat; emotional stimulus; gray matter; hemodynamics; high risk; in vivo; interest; male; men; morphometry; neurobehavioral; neuropsychiatry; non-alcoholic; operation; problem drinker; psychologic; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; reward circuitry; reward processing; skills; substance abuse treatment; white matter

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): PROJECT SUMMARY Alcohol misuse affects people of all ages, genders, and ethnic groups, and it remains a devastating problem for our Veterans. The effects of alcoholism on the brain are particularly critical because of the potential impact on the facilitation and maintenance of alcohol abuse itself. The newly proposed studies build and expand upon recent findings of abnormalities in brain systems controlling specific emotional and behavioral functions associated with this devastating condition. Long-range objectives are: (1) to understand the nature and cerebral bases of neurobehavioral dysfunction in abstinent long-term alcoholic individuals; (2) to clarify the contributions of altered emotional perception and behaviors to alcohol-related cognitive decline; and (3) to determine the nature and scope of gender differences in any observed deficits and intact skills. Based upon a theoretical framework that views alcoholism-related brain abnormalities as encompassing an interrelated multi-component brain-reward network, the studies will continue to combine neurobehavioral measures with structural and functional brain imaging to provide in vivo correlative information on regional brain differences before, during, and after exposure to emotional stimuli. Modulation of emotional and nonemotional responses also will be measured. Throughout the research, the studies will examine the possibility that despite structural or functional deficiencies in some brain regions of alcoholics, there may be compensatory participation of other brain regions, which allows the affected individuals to maintain behavioral adequacy. Although controversial, evidence indicates gender differences in the effects of alcoholism on the brain may differentially affect emotional perception and reactivity. Therefore, gender-specific compensatory shifts in regional involvement also will be explored. Participants will be abstinent alcoholic men and women, ages 18-55, and nonalcoholic men and women group-matched on age, education, and IQ. Primary regions of interests (ROIs) include prefrontal cortex (and associated white matter connections), and medial temporal areas, which together constitute a neural system intrinsic to emotion, reward, and intentional behaviors. In concert with the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during emotion- and reward-related tasks, we will conduct structural MRI analyses that include morphometric assessment of brain regions involved in fronto-limbic emotion and reward circuits, and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT- MRI) will be applied to assess coherence of white matter tracts connecting frontal regions with limbic, ventral striatal, and posterior cerebral systems. Neurobehavioral and psychophysiological (electrodermal) measures will be recorded concurrently with central hemodynamic (fMRI) changes in order to examine the coupling between autonomic and central measures of behavior. Overall, one aim is to sharpen distinctions among neurobehavioral sequelae and/or predisposing factors of alcoholism in men and women, and to contribute valuable information about the associated neurobiology of cognitive aspects of emotional and decisional deficits in alcoholism. A corollary aim is to addresses a fundamental need to understand and thereby, to help remediate the behavioral and neuropsychiatric sequelae of alcoholism in male and female Veterans. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: PROJECT NARRATIVE Relevance Alcoholism-related disorders are highly prevalent among American Veterans, who also suffer tremendously from associated medical, psychological, and financial problems. In fact, Veterans have nearly two and a half times the lifetime prevalence of alcohol-related disorders than nonveterans. Combat exposure also has been associated with high risk of alcohol misuse, and it is a growing problem among military personnel who have served in Iraq and Afghanistan. Because emotion dysregulation may underlie addictive disorders such as alcoholism, this may, in turn, further alter emotional states in the sufferer. Furthermore, there are demonstrated gender differences in substance abuse treatment needs. Moreover, alcoholism-related abnormalities in brain centers controlling emotional perception and regulation may differ for men and women, and can differentially alter the course of alcoholism directly, by affecting sensitivity to feedback, as well as the ability to make important decisions. The proposed research will address these issues.

描述（由申请人提供）： Project摘要滥用酒精会影响各个年龄段，性别和种族的人们，这对于我们的退伍军人来说仍然是一个毁灭性的问题。酒精中毒对大脑的影响尤其重要，因为潜在地影响了酗酒本身的促进和维持。新提出的研究建立和扩展了有关控制与这种毁灭性状况相关的特定情绪和行为功能的脑系统异常发现的最新发现。远程目标是：（1）了解戒除长期酗酒个体中神经行为功能障碍的性质和脑力基础； （2）阐明改变情绪感知和行为对酒精相关认知能力下降的贡献； （3）确定任何观察到的缺陷和完整技能中性别差异的性质和范围。基于一个理论框架，该框架将与酒精中毒相关的大脑异常视为涵盖相互关联的多组分大脑奖励网络，这些研究将继续将神经行为的测量与结构和功能性的脑成像结合在一起，以提供在之前，期间，期间，之后和情感刺激后，在体内相关性信息上提供体内相关性信息。还将测量对情绪和非情感反应的调节。在整个研究中，研究将研究一些可能性，尽管在某些酗酒者的大脑区域结构或功能性缺陷，但其他大脑区域可能会进行补偿性参与，这使受影响的个体能够维持行为充分性。尽管有争议，但证据表明酒精中毒对大脑的影响的性别差异可能会差异地影响情绪感知和反应性。因此，还将探讨区域参与的性别特定补偿性转变。参与者将是18-55岁的酗酒男女，并且在年龄，教育和智商中与非酒精性男女群体匹配。利益的主要区域（ROI）包括前额叶皮层（以及相关的白质连接）和内侧时间区域，它们共同构成了情感，奖励和故意行为的固有神经系统。与在情绪和奖励相关的任务中使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）的使用，我们将进行结构性MRI分析，包括对额 - 额 - 额 - 额线情绪和奖励电路中涉及的大脑区域的形态计量评估，以及扩散量量的磁性共振成像（DT-MRI）的连接范围（DT-MRI），纹状体和后脑系统。神经行为和心理生理学（电皮）措施将同时记录中央血流动力学（fMRI）的变化，以检查自主神经和中心行为量度之间的耦合。总体而言，一个目的是在男性和女性的神经行为后遗症和/或酒精中毒因素之间进行锐化，并贡献有关酒精中毒情绪和决策缺陷的认知方面相关神经生物学的宝贵信息。推论的目的是满足理解的基本需求，从而帮助补救男性和女性退伍军人中酒精中毒的行为和神经精神后遗症。 公共卫生相关性： 在美国退伍军人中，与酒精中毒相关的疾病的项目叙述相关性非常普遍，他们也因相关的医学，心理和财务问题而遭受极大的痛苦。实际上，退伍军人的终生患病率是酒精相关疾病的近两倍，是非退伍军人。战斗的暴露也与滥用酒精的高风险有关，这是在伊拉克和阿富汗服役的军事人员中日益增长的问题。由于情绪失调可能是诸如酒精中毒之类的令人上瘾的疾病的基础，因此，这可能会进一步改变患者中的情绪状态。此外，在药物滥用治疗需求中存在性别差异。此外，控制情绪感知和调节的大脑中心与酒精中毒相关的异常可能会有所不同，并且可以通过影响对反馈的敏感性以及做出重要决策的能力来直接改变酒精中毒的过程。拟议的研究将解决这些问题。