Cognitive Control and its neural substrates in schizophrenia

精神分裂症的认知控制及其神经基础

• 批准号: 8925705
• 负责人: Robert Reinhart
• 金额: $ 2.01万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2016-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8925705
• 关键词: Attention; Automobile Driving; Behavioral; Brain; Clinical; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Collaborations; Disease; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology (science); Event-Related Potentials; Experimental Designs; Eye; Faculty; Functional disorder; Goals; Gold; Grant; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Legal patent; Literature; Measures; Medial; Memory; Methodology; Methods; Mind; Modeling; Patients; Performance; Population; Process; Reading; Research; Research Personnel; Research Training; Running; Schizophrenia; Series; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Supervision; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Training Programs; Translational Research; Universities; Visual; Visual Fields; Work; behavioral response; career; cognitive control; cognitive function; cognitive system; executive function; experience; frontal lobe; improved; information processing; insight; long term memory; meetings; neuromechanism; novel; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; remediation; skills; statistics; temporal measurement; tool; translational neuroscience; visual search

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Since the time of Kraepelin (1919) and Bleuler (1950) nearly every description of schizophrenia cognitive dysfunction highlights impairments in attention, yet the locus of this deficit is not well understood. One prominent model proposes that the locus of schizophrenia attentional dysfunction is due to an abnormality in the memory representations that we activate to control our attention (i.e., attentional guidance). Another leading model proposes that the neural mechanism important for shifting perceptual attention itself is damaged (i.e., input selection). In this project, I will use visual search tasks and noninvasive electrophysiological methods to test the competing predictions of these models of cognitive dysfunction. My analyses will focus on the relationships between visual working memory, long-term memory, and shifts of perceptual attention during both the proactive period of information processing prior to the behavioral response and the reactive period after an error. Additionally, I will combine electrophysiological methods with noninvasive electrical stimulation to determine whether it is possible to change how schizophrenia patients control and use attention during visual search. The primary research goal is to take the basic neuroscientific tools and insights for tracking the use of top-down control signals in healthy individuals and use them to deepen our understanding of the fundamental cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The long-term goal is to develop interventions to improve cognitive functioning in these patients. My primary training goal is to become an independent investigator fully competent in performing translational neuroscience with clinical populations. I will meet these goals through targeted coursework, independent reading series, close supervision by my sponsors, building new collaborations with faculty at Vanderbilt University and Columbia University, and continued research. This translational research-training program will prepare me for my career objective of running my own laboratory at a top-tier research university.

描述（由申请人提供）：自 Kraepelin（1919）和 Bleuler（1950）时代以来，几乎所有对精神分裂症认知功能障碍的描述都强调注意力障碍，但这种缺陷的根源尚不清楚。一个著名的模型提出，精神分裂症注意力功能障碍的根源是我们激活来控制注意力（即注意力引导）的记忆表征异常。另一个领先模型提出，对于转移感知注意力本身很重要的神经机制（即输入选择）受到了损害。在这个项目中，我将使用视觉搜索任务和无创电生理方法来测试这些认知功能障碍模型的竞争预测。我的分析将重点关注在行为反应之前的信息处理主动阶段和错误之后的反应阶段期间视觉工作记忆、长期记忆和知觉注意力转移之间的关系。此外，我将把电生理学方法与无创电刺激相结合，以确定是否有可能改变精神分裂症患者在视觉搜索过程中控制和使用注意力的方式。主要研究目标是利用基本的神经科学工具和见解来跟踪健康个体自上而下控制信号的使用情况，并利用它们加深我们对精神分裂症基本认知缺陷的理解。长期目标是开发干预措施来改善这些患者的认知功能。我的主要培训目标是成为一名独立研究者，完全有能力对临床人群进行转化神经科学。我将通过有针对性的课程、独立阅读系列、赞助商的密切监督、与范德比尔特大学和哥伦比亚大学的教师建立新的合作以及持续的研究来实现这些目标。这个转化研究培训计划将为我的职业目标做好准备，即在顶级研究型大学运营自己的实验室。