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Electronic cigarettes: do they present health hazards?

电子烟：它们对健康有害吗？

基本信息

批准号：
8978326
负责人：
Rachel Zarina Behar
金额：
$ 3.71万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-01-01 至 2016-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8978326
关键词：
Adult Advertising Aerosols Affect Alkaline Single-Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay Antibodies Apoptosis Apoptotic Atomizer Biological Assay Breathing CASP3 gene Cell Survival Cells Chemicals Cigarette Communities DNA DNA Damage Data Detection Development Devices Dose Electronic cigarette Embryo Environment Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act Fibroblasts Flavoring Food Additives Foundations Goals Health Health Hazards Heating Housing Human Incubated Lead Liquid substance Lung Magic Manufacturer Name Mass Fragmentography Modeling Nicotine Organ Organic Chemicals Oxidative Stress Pathway interactions Perfume Pluripotent Stem Cells Poison Policies Property Propylene Glycols Proteins Public Health Reactive Oxygen Species Reproduction Research Research Training Running Sampling Science Smoking Staining method Stains Study models Testing Time Tobacco Toxic effect United States National Institutes of Health Vitamin E Western Blotting Work annexin A5 base cell type chemical standard cigarette smoking cytotoxic cytotoxicity detector genotoxicity human embryonic stem cell immunocytochemistry improved inhibitor/antagonist insight prenatal research study response screening smoking cessation time use toxicant trend

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): *Square brackets [--] indicate parts of the Research Training Plan that have been changed* Electronic cigarettes (EC) are nicotine delivery devices, often advertised for smoking cessation. Recently released into the consumer marketplace, EC devices are quickly becoming popular worldwide. EC parts include: a mouthpiece housing a cartridge of nicotine-containing fluid, an atomizer used for heating, and a battery. The cartridge fluids vary, typically containing some concentration of nicotine, a humectant, such as propylene glycol, and various flavorings. One visible trend in the EC community is to refill the nicotine solution by dripping refill fluid into an empty cartridge. In spite of EC growing popularity, few scientific studies have been conducted to assess possible health effects of EC aerosol on users or bystanders, and it remains unclear if EC pose a health concern. Flavorings used in EC are often food additives and perfumes, which are not intended to be heated and inhaled and which have unknown consequences on human health. My long-term objective is to characterize the effects of EC use on human health. This proposal specifically focuses on the cytotoxicity of EC refill fluid aerosol. I will first (Aim #1) use human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and human pulmonary fibroblasts (hPF) to evaluate the cytotoxicity of EC refill fluid aerosols from different manufacturers. Screening for cytotoxicity will be done using the MTT cell viability assay and a metabolizing assay. This first step will identify EC products that may produce adverse health effects in humans. Secondly (Aim #2), I will use gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify toxic chemicals in EC aerosols. Each chemical identified will then be purchased and analyzed using the MTT assay with hESC and hPF. Identification of toxicants in these products would allow manufacturers to remove them and make users aware of potentially dangerous products. I will then create a hierarchy of potency for EC refill fluid aerosols and the identified chemicals. [Finally, I will test the hypothesis that EC aerosols and the identified chemicals induce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lead to DNA damage and apoptosis. To test this (Aim #3), the most cytotoxic aerosols and chemicals will be screened with and without vitamin E (a ROS inhibitor) to assess induction of ROS using time-lapse data and fluorescent ROS detectors. To determine if increased ROS leads to DNA damage, the alkaline comet assay and immunocytochemistry will be used to assess breaks in DNA. For aerosols and chemicals that induce oxidative stress and are genotoxic, time-lapse data will be analyzed for hESC and hPF in conjunction with apoptotic indicators. Western blotting and the Annexin V assays will be used to verify activation of the apoptotic pathway proteins.] This will be the first large-scale assessment of cytotoxicity in EC refill fluid aerosols. The proposed study will collect valuable data that wil provide insight into which of these products are unsafe, the doses that produce cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, the specific chemicals that are toxic, and finally, which products are likely to adversely affect the health of users.

描述（由申请人提供）：*方括号[-]表示研究培训计划已更改的部分*电子烟（EC）是尼古丁输送装置，通常用于戒烟广告。最近发布到消费市场，EC设备正迅速成为全球流行。电子烟的部件包括：一个吸嘴，容纳含有尼古丁的液体，一个用于加热的雾化器，和一个电池。药筒的液体各不相同，通常含有一定浓度的尼古丁、湿润剂（如丙二醇）和各种调味剂。在欧共体中，一个明显的趋势是通过将补充液滴入空药筒来补充尼古丁溶液。尽管欧共体越来越受欢迎，但很少有科学研究评估欧共体气溶胶对使用者或旁观者可能产生的健康影响，而且目前尚不清楚欧共体是否构成健康问题。EC中使用的调味剂通常是食品添加剂和香水，它们不打算加热和吸入，对人体健康有未知的后果。我的长期目标是描述使用EC对人类健康的影响。本提案特别侧重于EC补充液气溶胶的细胞毒性。我将首先（目标#1）使用人类胚胎干细胞（hESC）和人类肺成纤维细胞（hPF）来评估来自不同来源的EC填充液气溶胶的细胞毒性