Sonoelectric tomography (SET): High-resolution noninvasive neuronal current tomography

声电断层扫描 (SET)：高分辨率无创神经元电流断层扫描

• 批准号: 9148266
• 负责人: MATTI HAMALAINEN
• 金额: $ 40.67万
• 依托单位: BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-23 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9148266
• 关键词: Active Sites; Adult; Animals; Area; Brain; Brain Mapping; Brain Stem; Code; Digit structure; Electric Capacitance; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology (science); Fingers; Focused Ultrasound; Frequencies; Hand; Head; Health; Human; Human Volunteers; Image; Imaging technology; Lateral; Lead; Location; Maps; Measures; Mechanics; Membrane; Methods; Neocortex; Neurons; Noise; Physiologic pulse; Preparation; Property; Protocols documentation; Rattus; Resolution; Safety; Scalp structure; Scheme; Series; Signal Transduction; Site; Source; Structure; Surface; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Tissues; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; Ultrasonography; Validation; Vibrissae; Width; barrel cortex; base; electrical potential; extracellular; human study; imaging modality; in vivo; indexing; millimeter; millisecond; next generation; novel; novel strategies; pressure; tomography; vibration; voltage

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Presently there is no imaging technology capable of detecting neuronal activity in the entire human brain with millisecond and millimeter resolution. We propose to evaluate the possibility of developing a novel noninvasive method, sonoelectric tomography (SET), capable of directly imaging electrophysiological activity in the entire human brain with such resolution. In this method, conventional scalp electroencephalography (EEG) is used to measure the electrical activity. Each location of active tissue giving rise to the EEG signals is determined from the tagged US signature in the EEG signals. This information can be used to noninvasively construct a tomographic image of neuronal currents. In order to develop such a technique, we will evaluate three candidate mechanisms: (1) acousto-electric (AE) modulation of tissue resistivity, (2) mechanical vibration of the equivalent current dipole sources in active tissue, and (3) modulation of membrane properties. At present, it is still unknown which of these mechanisms can be used to implement the SET. We will first evaluate these mechanisms in rats in vivo. In Aim 1, we will apply a focused US to one region of the barrel cortex of the rat and test the sensitivity of the SET based on each mechanism. One barrel column will be activated by single whisker stimulation and the resulting local field potentials (LFPs) on the brain or scalp will be analyzed. The most viable US-encoding scheme will be determined from the US signatures in the LFPs. Aim 2 will be very similar to Aim 1, except a single linear US beam varying in US frequency along the beam will be applied to produce a one-dimensional image of neuronal activity. Aims 1 and 2 will establish the effective and safe mechanism for developing SET for human use. In Aim 3, the five digits of a hand will be stimulated with transcutaneous electrical stimulation to activate the finger areas in areas 3b. A linear US beam will be applied to each projection area in area 3b. The scalp EEG signals in area 3b will be analyzed for presence of EEG signals at the US frequency specific for each projection site. This will identify each active site. We will test to see if this method can identiy multiple active tissues. Alternatively, we will first identify the active tissues using a whole-hea MEG and/or EEG and then use the US to test the presence of activity at each predicted site. These tests will determine the feasibility and the best direction for developing a truly whole-brai US-based Activity mapping (USAmapping) technique.

 描述（由适用提供）：目前没有能够以毫秒和毫米分辨率检测整个人脑中神经元活动的成像技术。我们建议评估开发一种新型非侵入性方法，声音断层扫描（SET）的可能性，能够通过这种分辨率直接对整个人脑中的电生理活性进行成像。在这种方法中，常规的头皮脑电图（EEG）用于测量电活动。产生EEG信号的活动组织的每个位置都是从EEG信号中标记的US签名确定的。该信息可用于非侵入性构建神经元电流的层析成像图像。为了开发这种技术，我们将评估三种候选机制：（1）组织耐药性的Ocousticto-Electric（AE）调节，（2）等效电流偶极子源的机械振动 在活性组织中，（3）调节膜特性。目前，仍然未知这些机制可以用于实施该集合。我们将首先评估体内大鼠的这些机制。在AIM 1中，我们将把聚焦的我们应用于大鼠桶皮层的一个区域，并根据每种机制测试集合的灵敏度。将通过单晶须刺激激活一个桶形柱，将分析大脑或头皮上产生的局部场电位（LFP）。最可行的美国编码方案将从LFPS中的美国签名中确定。 AIM 2将与AIM 1非常相似，除了将沿梁沿美国频率变化的单线性US梁将用于产生神经元活动的一维图像。目标1和2将建立开发人类使用设置的有效和安全的机制。在AIM 3中，一只手的五位数字将被经皮电刺激刺激，以激活3B区域的手指区域。线性US光束将应用于3B区域中的每个投影区域。将分析3B区域中的头皮EEG信号，以在每个投影位点特有的美国频率上存在EEG信号。这将标识每个活动站点。我们将测试以查看此方法是否可以识别多个活性组织。另外，我们将首先使用全仓MEG和/或EEG识别活性组织，然后使用美国在每个预测的位点测试活动的存在。这些测试将确定开发真正的全布赖的活动映射（USAMPAPT）技术的可行性和最佳方向。