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Effects of genetic differences and bilingual status on cognitive control

遗传差异和双语状态对认知控制的影响

基本信息

批准号：
9002080
负责人：
Arturo E Hernandez
金额：
$ 7.45万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-02-01 至 2018-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9002080
关键词：
ANKK1 gene Accounting Adult Age Agonist Alleles Anterior Area Back Basal Ganglia Behavior Behavioral Blood flow Brain Characteristics Child Corpus striatum structure DNA DRD2 A1 Allele DRD2 gene Dopamine D2 Receptor Dorsal Energy Metabolism Exhibits Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Future Genetic Genetic Polymorphism Genetic Status Genetic Variation Health Individual Individual Differences Inferior Laboratories Language Learning Light Link Lobule Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures Mediation Names Parietal Participant Pattern Performance Placebos Population Prefrontal Cortex Process Publishing Recording of previous events Research Research Personnel Sampling Stimulus Structure Testing Training Variant Work bilingualism carrier status caudate nucleus cingulate cortex cingulate gyrus cognitive control college cost deoxyhemoglobin design experience genetic makeup putamen relating to nervous system response

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION: The proposed project is designed to investigate how language status and genetic variation is associated with cognitive control. To achieve this, the proposed project will use functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), which measures deoxyhemoglobin, is correlated with blood flow and energy metabolism, and serves as an indirect measure of neural activity. Work in many laboratories including our own has identified neural and behavioral differences in bilinguals and monolinguals during cognitive control tasks. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that differences in the ability to perform control tasks with verbal and no explici verbal response exist within the bilingual population. Finally, an independent study found an advantage on switching tasks with no explicit verbal response for carriers of the A1 allele of the DRD2/ANKK1 taq1A polymorphism. These individuals have a reduced number of dopamine D2 receptors, show a decrease in switching costs, and have decreased activity in neural areas devoted to cognitive control. A second study using a DRD2 agonist, found increased switching-related activation in the same areas in the agonist condition compared to placebo. In the proposed study, a group of bilinguals and monolinguals will be screened for their genetic makeup. From these a subset of each group that is a carrier or not will be placed in an MRI scanner while performing a cognitive control task. The results from the proposed study will help to elucidate whether carriers of the A1 allele outperform non-carriers in both monolingual and bilingual populations. It will also elucidate whether the magnitude of any advantage seen in bilinguals is moderated by a group's genetic status. As such it should serve as the springboard for future studies with children learning a second language. The results may also shed light on theoretical accounts of bilingualism as well as inform clinicians and educators who work with bilinguals by revealing whether genetic variation is also associated with performance on cognitive control tasks.

该项目旨在研究语言状态和遗传变异如何与认知控制相关。为了实现这一目标，拟议的项目将使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI），它测量脱氧血红蛋白，与血流和能量代谢相关，并作为神经活动的间接测量。包括我们自己在内的许多实验室的工作已经确定了双语者和单语者在认知控制任务中的神经和行为差异。此外，最近的研究表明，双语人群中存在言语反应和无显式言语反应的控制任务的能力差异。最后，一项独立的研究发现，DRD 2/ANKK 1 taq 1A多态性的A1等位基因携带者在没有明确语言反应的转换任务中具有优势。这些个体的多巴胺D2受体数量减少，转换成本降低，并且专门用于认知控制的神经区域的活动减少。使用DRD 2激动剂的第二项研究发现，与安慰剂相比，激动剂条件下相同区域的开关相关激活增加。在拟议的研究中，一组双语者和单语者将被筛选出他们的基因组成。在执行认知控制任务时，每组中携带者或非携带者的子集将被放置在MRI扫描仪中。这项研究的结果将有助于阐明A1等位基因携带者在单语和双语人群中是否优于非携带者。它还将阐明双语者的任何优势的大小是否受到群体遗传状态的调节。因此，它应该作为儿童学习第二语言的未来研究的跳板。这些结果也可能揭示双语的理论解释，并通过揭示遗传变异是否也与认知控制任务的表现相关，为从事双语工作的临床医生和教育工作者提供信息。