Examining the independent and joint contributions of socioeconomic status and bilingualism on early cognitive development

检验社会经济地位和双语对早期认知发展的独立和共同贡献

• 批准号: 9327019
• 负责人: Natalie Hiromi Brito
• 金额: $ 2.9万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE DBA RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-05 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9327019
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Address; Age; Age-Months; American; Attenuated; Behavioral Paradigm; Birth; Brain; Buffers; Child; Child Development; Cognition; Cognitive; Complement; Cues; Data; Data Collection; Databases; Development; Development Plans; Devices; Disadvantaged; Electroencephalography; Emotional; Environment; Exposure to; Family; Foundations; Future; Goals; Hair; Health; Home environment; Hydrocortisone; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Individual; Infant; Interdisciplinary Study; Intervention; Joints; Knowledge; Language; Lead; Learning; Life; Linguistics; Link; Longevity; Low income; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Memory; Methodology; Methods; Minority; Mothers; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Neurocognitive; Newborn Infant; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Population; Poverty; Protocols documentation; Psychosocial Stress; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Rest; Risk; Risk Factors; School-Age Population; Short-Term Memory; Socioeconomic Status; Stress; Sum; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Variant; Work; base; behavior measurement; bilingualism; career; career development; cognitive development; cognitive skill; developmental psychology; disparity reduction; early childhood; improved; infancy; innovation; low socioeconomic status; maternal stress; minority children; neurodevelopment; neurophysiology; psychologic; psychosocial; relating to nervous system; relational memory; resilience; skills; socioeconomic disadvantage; socioeconomic disparity; success

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT My career goal is to lead an interdisciplinary research group that investigates the influence of early environmental variations on cognitive development and future academic success. To acquire the specific training I will need to achieve this, I propose a project that measures socioeconomic status (SES), potential mediators, brain function, and memory during infancy to examine the mechanisms through which both SES disparities and bilingualism operate independently and jointly to influence developmental trajectories. Specifically, I, and my future lab, will integrate EEG neurophysiological measures and developmental psychology behavioral paradigms in order to investigate the effects of the linguistic environment and stress on memory across monolingual and bilingual infants from diverse SES backgrounds. My training to date has provided me with a strong foundation in behavioral paradigms assessing cognitive development; my career development plan expands on these methods, providing essential new training in EEG/ERP techniques, measurement of stress, and data collection with a low-income minority population. Since it is my goal to lead a lab that integrates a diverse set of methodologies to address interdisciplinary questions within the field of child development, my success as an independent researcher depends on these skills. Research Project An estimated 1 in 5 American children under the age of 6 live below the poverty line. Growing up in a lower SES home has been associated with substantially worse health and impaired psychological, cognitive, and emotional development throughout the lifespan. Further, it is well established that socioeconomic disadvantage in early childhood is associated with a range of negative effects on later cognitive development and academic achievement. Although some studies have suggested that bilingualism may buffer the cognitive risk associated with socioeconomic disadvantage, others have claimed that differences in SES may attenuate any bilingual advantages found in cognitive skills. Very few studies have attempted to examine the independent and joint effects of SES and bilingualism on early cognitive development, and furthermore no study to date has examined this topic during infancy. Thus, the proposed studies will examine SES, multiple language exposure, and hypothesized pathways through which socioeconomic disparities contribute to individual variation in early memory development. The first study will examine SES disparities in newborn brain function across infants from monolingual and bilingual backgrounds. The second study will measure the home linguistic environment as a possible mediator between SES and memory. Finally, I will utilize both neural and behavioral measures to assess the associations between SES, home linguistic environment, maternal stress, and the development of memory over the first year of life. Disentangling the independent and interacting effects of SES and bilingualism on cognitive development is crucial for identifying mechanisms of risk and resilience, and possible interventions, for lower SES minority children.

项目摘要/摘要 我的职业目标是领导一个研究早期影响的跨学科研究小组 关于认知发展和未来学术成就的环境变化。获取特定 我需要培训我需要实现这一目标，我提出了一个衡量社会经济地位（SES）的项目 婴儿期介体，大脑功能和记忆，以检查两个SES的机制 差距和双语主义独立运作，共同影响发展轨迹。 具体而言，我和我的未来实验室将整合脑电图的神经生理学措施和发展 心理学行为范式是为了研究语言环境的影响和压力 来自不同SES背景的单语和双语婴儿的记忆。 迄今为止，我的培训为我为评估认知的行为范式提供了坚实的基础 发展;我的职业发展计划扩展了这些方法，提供了必不可少的新培训 EEG/ERP技术，压力的测量以及低收入少数群体的数据收集。 由于我的目标是领导一个集成了各种方法来解决跨学科的实验室 在儿童发展领域的问题，我作为独立研究人员的成功取决于这些 技能。 研究项目 估计有五分之一以下的6岁以下儿童生活在贫困线以下。长大 Lower SES的房屋与健康状况更糟和心理障碍，认知，认知， 和整个生命周期的情感发展。此外，已经很好地确定了社会经济 幼儿期的劣势与后来认知发展的一系列负面影响有关 和学术成就。尽管一些研究表明双语可能会缓冲认知 与社会经济劣势相关的风险，其他人声称SES的差异可能会减弱 认知技能中发现的任何双语优势。很少有研究试图检查 SES和双语对早期认知发展的独立和共同影响，此外 迄今为止的研究在婴儿期已经检查了这个主题。因此，拟议的研究将检查SES，多个 语言曝光和假设的途径，社会经济差异有助于 早期记忆发展的个体变化。第一项研究将检查新生大脑中的SES差异 来自单语和双语背景的婴儿的功能。第二项研究将测量房屋 语言环境是SES和记忆之间的可能中介。最后，我将同时使用神经和 评估SES，家庭语言环境，母性压力之间的关联的行为措施， 以及在生命的第一年的记忆发展。解开独立和互动 SES和双语对认知发展的影响对于确定风险机制和 较低SES少数儿童的韧性和可能的​​干预措施。

项目成果

Associations between Bilingualism and Memory Generalization During Infancy: Does Socioeconomic Status Matter?

• DOI: 10.1017/s1366728920000334
• 发表时间: 2021-03
• 期刊: Bilingualism (Cambridge, England)
• 作者: Brito NH;Greaves A;Leon-Santos A;Fifer WP;Noble KG
• 通讯作者: Noble KG

Maternal anxiety symptoms associated with increased behavioral synchrony in the early postnatal period.

产妇焦虑症状与产后早期行为同步性增加有关。

• DOI: 10.1111/infa.12473
• 发表时间: 2022-07
• 期刊: INFANCY
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Lemus, Alejandra;Vogel, Sarah C.;Greaves, Ashley N.;Brito, Natalie H.
• 通讯作者: Brito, Natalie H.

Paid maternal leave is associated with infant brain function at 3 months of age.

• DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13765
• 发表时间: 2022-07
• 期刊: CHILD DEVELOPMENT
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Brito, Natalie H.;Werchan, Denise;Brandes-Aitken, Annie;Yoshikawa, Hirokazu;Greaves, Ashley;Zhang, Maggie
• 通讯作者: Zhang, Maggie