Neural reconstructions of visual information across dynamic shifts of attention and working memory

通过注意力和工作记忆的动态变化对视觉信息进行神经重建

• 批准号: 9328233
• 负责人: Emma Wu Dowd
• 金额: $ 5.67万
• 依托单位: OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2020-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9328233
• 关键词: Adopted; Affect; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Autistic Disorder; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Model; Binding; Brain; Clinical; Clinical Treatment; Cognition; Cognitive; Color; Complement; Computer Simulation; Cues; Data; Dimensions; Disease; Environment; Eye; Eye Movements; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Health; Human; Income; Knowledge; Link; Location; Maintenance; Measures; Mediating; Memory; Mind; Modeling; Parkinson Disease; Perception; Perceptual distortions; Plant Roots; Population; Process; Psychophysics; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Technical Expertise; Techniques; Training; Translating; Update; Vision; Visual; Visual attention; Visual impairment; Visual system structure; Work; attentional control; behavioral response; brain research; career; cognitive capacity; cohesion; flexibility; improved; innovation; insight; internal control; mental representation; neural model; neural patterning; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; neurotransmission; novel; novel strategies; reconstruction; relating to nervous system; response; sensory input; theories; tool; translational impact; visual cognition; visual information; visual processing

Project Summary At any given moment, the human visual system is overwhelmed by a wealth of sensory inputs, necessitating attentional mechanisms that selectively filter and process information for effective behavior. Attention, however, is dynamic—we are constantly distracted by competing inputs and goals, such that our attention (and our eyes) are always moving across the visual environment. The overarching goal of this research is to better understand the visual system, by investigating how humans update and integrate visual information across dynamic and unstable shifts of attention. Using a combination of behavioral, neuroimaging (fMRI), and computational modeling techniques, Aim 1 examines how external shifts of attention affect perceptual and neural representations of visual information that is visible to the eyes, while Aim 2 examines how internal shifts of attention modulate information maintained in visual working memory. Together, these aims demonstrate how dynamic changes of attentional focus can impact—and distort—our perception of the world, and provide insight into how humans flexibly prioritize information that is more or less relevant for current behavioral goals. The current proposal adopts a novel approach of measuring specific visual information in the mind and in the brain by combining computational models of behavior with computational models of neural activity—which may be ultimately integrated into a cohesive theory for the perceptual and neural mechanisms of visual stability. This research will have an immediate impact on the understanding of typical visual functioning in healthy human populations. While the proposed work is rooted in basic science, these advances would have a longer-term translational impact on public health, by informing the knowledge, assessment, and treatment of clinical disorders that are characterized by deficits in visual processing (e.g., schizophrenia, autism, ADHD). This research thus complements several training goals that will help the applicant acquire new technical skills and theoretical knowledge to prepare for a future career as an independent investigator.

项目摘要 在任何时候，人类的视觉系统都被大量的感官输入所淹没， 需要注意力机制，选择性地过滤和处理信息， 行为然而，注意力是动态的--我们不断地被相互竞争的输入分散注意力， 目标，这样我们的注意力（和我们的眼睛）总是在视觉环境中移动。的 这项研究的首要目标是通过调查如何更好地了解视觉系统， 人类在动态和不稳定的注意力转移中更新和整合视觉信息。 使用行为、神经成像（fMRI）和计算建模技术的组合， 目标1探讨外部注意力转移如何影响视觉的知觉和神经表征 目标2考察了注意力的内部转移如何调节 信息保存在视觉工作记忆中。这些目标共同表明， 注意力焦点的变化会影响和扭曲我们对世界的感知， 洞察人类如何灵活地优先考虑与当前或多或少相关的信息 行为目标目前的建议采用了一种新的方法，测量特定的视觉 通过结合行为的计算模型， 神经活动的计算模型-这可能最终被整合到一个内聚理论 视觉稳定性的知觉和神经机制。这项研究将立即产生 影响对健康人群典型视觉功能的理解。而 拟议的工作是植根于基础科学，这些进展将有一个长期的转化 通过告知临床疾病的知识、评估和治疗对公共卫生的影响 其特征在于视觉处理缺陷（例如，精神分裂症，自闭症，多动症）。这 因此，研究补充了几个培训目标，这将有助于申请人获得新的技术， 技能和理论知识，为未来作为独立调查员的职业生涯做好准备。