Experimental Test of Facebook Social Drinking Norms on Adolescent Alcohol Use

 描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究将是第一项专注于实验操纵Facebook上的禁令和描述性规范的研究，以阐明酒精和戒酒者在Facebook上的展示与随后的酒精认知，使用和相关的负面后果之间的关系。原型意愿模型（Prototype Willingness Model，PWM）基于关注青少年健康发展模型的文献，假设健康风险行为发生在个体有意愿从事风险行为时（这些意图因态度和感知的强制性规范而异）或通过参与风险的意愿（这是一个功能的感知脆弱性的负面后果，感知的描述性规范，和原型）。为了充分理解Facebook上的戒酒展示之间的关系，我们将研究1）描述性和强制性戒酒者和用户规范的作用，当用Facebook个人资料进行实验操作时，对意愿和意图，青少年随后饮酒及其相关的不良后果（15-20岁）2）是否意图和意愿调解我们的实验操作和随后的酒精使用和负面后果之间的关系，以及3）社会影响的个体差异缓和了实验操作对意图、意愿、酒精使用和负面后果的影响。我们将通过招募一个居住在大西雅图都市区的青少年社区样本（N = 300）来测试这些目标。参与者将完成一个基于网络的基线评估，并参与一个面对面的实验操作，在这个实验操作中，他们要么被分配去看戒酒者、戒酒者+用户的同性Facebook个人资料，要么被分配去看一个既不提供用户信息也不提供戒酒者信息的对照条件。操作结束后，参与者将立即回答一系列关于他们刚刚查看的个人资料和他们与酒精相关的认知的问题。参与者还将完成为期一个月的亲自跟踪评估，以测试对意图，意愿，酒精使用和相关负面后果的影响。此外，社会影响力的个体差异将被视为SNS描述的规范和我们的主要结果之间关系的可能调节因素。这项研究具有重要意义和创新性，因为它使用理论视角来实验性地测试酒精含量，特别是戒酒者规范对Facebook上青少年饮酒和相关认知的影响。这些结果有可能为预防性干预提供信息，同时解决NIH的优先事项。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed research will be the first study to focus on experimentally manipulating both injunctive and descriptive norms on Facebook in order to elucidate the relationship between alcohol and abstainer displays on Facebook and subsequent alcohol cognitions, use, and related negative consequences. Based on literature focusing on developmentally appropriate health models for adolescents, the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) assumes that health-risk behaviors occur either when individuals have developed intentions to engage in a risk behavior (and these intentions vary as a function of attitudes and perceived injunctive norms) or through willingness to engage in risks (which varies as a function of perceived vulnerability to negative consequences, perceived descriptive norms, and prototypes). To fully understand the relationships between alcohol abstaining displays on Facebook, we will examine 1) the role of descriptive and injunctive abstainer and user norms, when experimentally manipulated with Facebook profiles, on willingness and intentions, subsequent alcohol use and related negative consequences among adolescents (age 15-20) 2) whether intentions and willingness mediate the relation between our experimental manipulation and subsequent alcohol use and negative consequences and whether 3) individual differences in social influence moderate the effect of the experimental manipulation on intentions, willingness, alcohol use, and negative consequences. We will test these aims by recruiting a community sample of adolescents (N = 300), living in the greater Seattle metropolitan area. Participants will complete a web-based baseline assessment and participate in an in-person experimental manipulation in which they are either assigned to see same-sex Facebook profiles of alcohol abstainers, abstainers +users, or a control condition where neither user or abstainer information will be provided. Immediately after the manipulation, participants will answers a series of questions about the profiles they just viewed and their alcohol-related cognitions. Participants will also complete a one-month in person follow up assessment to test for impacts on intentions, willingness, alcohol use, and related negative consequences. Additionally, individual differences in social influence will be examined as possible moderators of the relationship between SNS-portrayed norms and our primary outcomes. The proposed study is both significant and innovative in that it uses a theoretical perspective to experimentally test th impact of alcohol content, in particular abstainer norms, on Facebook on adolescent alcohol use and related cognitions. The results have the potential to inform preventative interventions while addressing NIH priorities.