New, Emerging, and Traditional Tobacco Use in the Military

新型、新兴和传统烟草在军事中的使用

• 批准号: 9519209
• 负责人: Robert C Klesges
• 金额: $ 64.39万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9519209
• 关键词: Affective; Air; Alcohol abuse; Alcohols; Attitude; Awareness; Behavior; Belief; Carcinogen exposure; Cigar; Cigarette; Cognitive; Country; Data; Decision Making; Devices; Electronic cigarette; Environment; Ethnic Origin; Funding; Gender; High Prevalence; Incidence; Intervention Studies; Investigation; Knowledge; Length; Life; Marketing; Military Personnel; Minority; Nicotine; Participant; Perception; Population; Prevalence; Price; Process; Publishing; Recruitment Activity; Reproducibility; Research; Research Priority; Risk; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Sample Size; Sampling; Schools; Self Efficacy; Smokeless Tobacco; Smoking; Stress; Subgroup; Surveys; Texas; Time; TimeLine; Tobacco; Tobacco Industry; Tobacco use; Training; University resources; Validation; Vulnerable Populations; Wichita; base; cigarette smoking; clinically significant; cohort; demographics; discount; epidemiology study; falls; high risk population; hookah; improved; instrument; male; psychosocial; public health relevance; response; risk perception; smoking prevalence; snus; social; tobacco advertising; tobacco control

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The U.S. Military is a high-risk population for tobacco use given their demographics (young, predominantly male, high minority prevalence), psychosocial risk factors (rebelliousness and risk-taking behaviors, high prevalence of alcohol abuse), stress of deployment, and targeted marketing by the tobacco industry. Currently, more than 30% of active duty military personnel use tobacco and that prevalence has been increasing since 1998. Military personnel are considered a highly vulnerable population. Advancing our understanding of the prevalence, incidence and diversity of tobacco product use in this population will improve scientific knowledge and inform FDA tobacco regulatory decision-making. We were funded FDA supplemental funding to collect preliminary process and formative information as well as instrument validation in a small cohort of military personnel assessing traditional and new and emerging tobacco products. In the current application, we are proposing a logical extension of these efforts by expanding our assessment of new and emerging tobacco products, along with concomitant risk factors of tobacco use with a sufficient sample size to evaluate small, but clinically significant subgroup (e.g., gender, ethnicity) and tobacco type (e.g., e-cigarettes) differences. We will collect data on 30,000 Airmen, Air National Guard, and Reservists by administering surveys at three time-points (baseline, 1 year, 2 years) at the four active Technical Training Air Forces Bases (AFBs). To determine the optimal length of time between survey assessments, we will first conduct a pilot investigation to determine the reproducibility, feasibility, and amount of new information learned by evaluating participants Reservists every three months. Thus, the specific aims of the current study are to: (1) Determine the prevalence and incidence of traditional tobacco products, new and emerging tobacco products, and multiple tobacco use behaviors; (2) Determine social cognitive (e.g., self-efficacy) and affective factors (e.g., perceptions, attitudes, beliefs) associated with the use of new and emerging tobacco products, ST, and little cigars; (3) Evaluate how marketing claims of reduced carcinogen exposure (e.g., switching from cigarettes to ST) influence perceptions and beliefs about risk and harm of different tobacco product use; (4) Assess the association between awareness of tobacco marketing strategies (e.g., free samples and price promotions), how they receive information about tobacco products, and tobacco use behaviors among Airmen; and (5) To directly compare tobacco initiation, resumption, and predictors of tobacco use between (a) Airmen (who remain active duty) with (b) National Guard/Reservists (who train and then return to civilian life). This will allow a direct comparison of those who remain in the military environment versus those who return to the civilian sectors.

 描述（由申请人提供）：美国军队是烟草使用的高风险人群，因为他们的人口统计学特征（年轻，主要是男性，少数民族患病率高），心理社会风险因素（危险性和冒险行为，酒精滥用的高患病率），部署压力以及烟草行业的目标营销。目前，超过30%的现役军人使用烟草，自1998年以来，这一流行率一直在上升。军事人员被认为是高度脆弱的群体。提高我们对这一人群中烟草制品使用的流行率、发生率和多样性的理解，将提高科学知识，并为FDA烟草监管决策提供信息。 我们获得了FDA的补充资金，用于收集初步过程和形成信息，以及在一小群评估传统和新兴烟草产品的军事人员中进行仪器验证。在本申请中，我们提出了这些努力的逻辑扩展，通过扩展我们对新的和新兴的烟草产品的评估，沿着烟草使用的伴随风险因素，具有足够的样本量来评估小的但具有临床意义的亚组（例如，性别、种族）和烟草类型（例如，电子烟）的差异。我们将通过在三个时间点（基线、1年、2年）在四个现役技术训练空军基地（AFB）进行调查，收集30，000名空军、空军国民警卫队和预备役人员的数据。为了确定调查评估之间的最佳时间长度，我们将首先进行试点调查，以确定每三个月评估一次参与者预备役人员所学到的新信息的可重复性，可行性和数量。因此，目前研究的具体目标是：（1）确定传统烟草制品、新的和新兴烟草制品以及多种烟草使用行为的流行率和发生率;（2）确定社会认知（例如，自我效能）和情感因素（例如，与使用新的和新兴的烟草产品、ST和小雪茄相关的观念、态度、信念）;（3）评估如何减少致癌物暴露的营销主张（例如，从香烟转换到ST）影响对不同烟草产品使用的风险和危害的感知和信念;（4）评估烟草营销策略（例如，免费样品和价格促销），他们如何获得有关烟草产品的信息，以及飞行员的烟草使用行为;和（5）直接比较（a）飞行员（仍在服役）与（B）国民警卫队/预备役人员（培训后返回平民生活）之间的烟草开始，恢复和烟草使用的预测因素。这将使人们能够直接比较那些留在军事环境中的人和那些返回文职部门的人。