Potential inhaled dose of particulates, biking and cardiovascular indicators

这一研究项目有两个总体目标：(A)验证新的个人层面评估方法 颗粒性空气污染的潜在吸入剂量；和(B)对#年的一个重要专题评估这一方法。 空气污染流行病学，即运动时短期暴露对心血管的急性影响 靠近空气污染源。在这个项目中，我们将重点放在骑自行车作为锻炼的形式上，这 带来许多好处--增加锻炼，减少道路拥堵，减少温室气体排放 -但对于那些选择骑自行车而不是其他自行车的人来说，它可能会导致空气污染的暴露和剂量增加 运输方式。可靠的暴露评估是空气污染流行病学的必要条件，但研究 历史上基于中心站点数据的不完美代理一直凑合在一起，即使环境 浓度不能很好地预测个人暴露。个人接触研究被视为黄金 标准，但有两个主要限制--(A)它们没有考虑到体积的变化 (B)大规模的个人学习负担过重。这项提议将 工作重点是克服第一个限制，尽量减少第二个限制。我们将实行成本效益 分析以对改进的指标和协议如何减少 所需的研究规模和成本。空气污染物的实际吸入剂量是由时间驱动的 高呼吸频率和高峰暴露的重叠，从而导致身体活动模式和来源的重叠 接近。我们建议在当前研究中验证和部署的主要设备是RTI MicroPEM™最初是由早期基因环境倡议资助开发的。我们将使用MicroPEM的 板载加速度计，用于估计每分钟通气率(每分钟吸入的空气量)和 将这些信息与每分钟的空气污染浓度结合起来，计算出潜在的吸入剂量 (单位：微克/分钟)。该项目的验证阶段将侧重于改进预测方法 来自加速度计数据的分钟通气量和验证PM2.5测量，并在实验室和 字段设置。该项目的第二阶段将需要在一群城市骑自行车的人中部署微型PEMS， 世卫组织还将配备测量黑碳暴露、动态血压和 心率变异性。利用早晨通勤期间暴露在空气中的每日变化，我们将估计 短期空气污染暴露与急性心血管参数之间的关系。这个 拟议的工作建立在哥伦比亚大学和美国最大的公共机构WNYC之间的合作伙伴关系上 由哥伦比亚大学环境健康科学家、心脏病专家和 暴露评估专家和开发MicroPEM设备的RTI团队的核心成员。

This research project has two overall goals: (a) the validation of a new personal level approach to assessing potential inhaled dose of particulate air pollution; and (b) the assessment of this method to an important topic in air pollution epidemiology, namely the acute cardiovascular impacts of short term exposures while exercising in close proximity to air pollution sources. In this project we will focus on biking as the form of exercise, which brings many benefits — increased exercise, less roadway congestion and reduced greenhouse gas emissions — but it may cause increased exposures and doses to air pollution for those who choose biking over other transport modes. Reliable exposure assessment is the sine qua non of air pollution epidemiology, but studies have historically made do with imperfect proxies based on central site data, even though ambient concentrations are poor predictors of personal exposure. Personal exposure studies are seen as the gold standard to date but have had two major limitations- (a) they don’t take into account variations in volumetric respiration rates, and (b) personal studies are overly burdensome to do on a large scale. This proposal will work focus overcoming the first limitation and on minimizing the second. We will carry out cost-benefit analyses to put some quantitative estimates on how the improved metrics and protocols can reduce the needed size and cost of studies. The actual inhaled dose of an airborne pollutant is driven by the temporal overlap of high respiration rates and peak exposures, and thus of physical activity patterns and source proximity. The primary device that we propose to validate and deploy in the current study is the RTI MicroPEM™ primarily developed with early Gene Environment Initiative funding. We will use the MicroPEM’s onboard accelerometer to estimate the minute ventilation rate (the volume of air inhaled per minute) and combine this information with minute-by-minute air pollution concentrations to calculate potential inhaled dose (in micrograms/minute). The validation phase of the project will focus on improving methods for predicting minute ventilation from accelerometer data and validating PM2.5 measurements, with pretesting in lab and field settings. The second phase of the project will entail deploying MicroPEMs in a cohort of urban cyclists, who will also be outfitted with devices to measure black carbon exposures, ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate variability. Using day-to-day variation in exposures during the morning commute, we will estimate the association between short-term air pollution exposures and acute cardiovascular parameters. The proposed work builds on a partnership between Columbia University and WNYC, the nation’s largest public radio station and involves a team comprising Columbia environmental health scientists, cardiologists, and exposure assessment experts, and core members of the RTI team that developed the MicroPEM device.