Visual and auditory perceptual factors affecting spatial release from masking

影响掩蔽空间释放的视觉和听觉感知因素

• 批准号: 9342762
• 负责人: Ross K Maddox
• 金额: $ 24.9万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9342762
• 关键词: Affect; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Auditory system; Award; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Assay; Behavioral Paradigm; Binaural; Binding; Brain; Characteristics; Cues; Data; Discrimination; Ear; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Exhibits; Eye; Face; Goals; Hearing; Hearing Tests; Individual; Individual Differences; Institution; Investigation; Lead; Learning; Literature; Location; Masks; Measurement; Measures; Mentors; Modality; Nature; Noise; Performance; Persons; Phase; Physiology; Process; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Research Personnel; Sensory; Source; Space Perception; Speech; Stimulus; Stream; Systems Integration; Test Result; Testing; Time; Training; Visual; Visual system structure; Visuospatial; Weight; Work; auditory processing; behavior measurement; binaural hearing; career; clinically relevant; coping; experience; experimental study; gaze; improved; insight; interest; meetings; multisensory; novel; oculomotor; programs; public health relevance; selective attention; skills; sound; trend; visual information; visual neuroscience

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Difficulty listening to one person speak in the presence of many other competing sounds is a significant problem for many people, even some with normal hearing test results. Understanding speech in these adverse conditions improves markedly when sound sources are spatially separated, an effect known as spatial release from masking. If a person looks toward a talker of interest, seeing that person's face provides visual spatial and temporal information that can improve understanding even more, making this a common and important audiologic rehabilitative strategy. However, recent work performed by the candidate hints at a perceptual benefit from the mere act of directing gaze toward that sound. Furthermore, despite wide acceptance of the importance of spatial hearing and visual information to auditory selective attention, the interplay between these processes is largely unexplored and little work has been done to characterize how differences in spatial hearing abilities among individual listeners affects their ability to listen in noisy situations. In the mentored training phase of this research program, the candidate will perform two experiments exploring the impact of eye gaze and visual information while receiving training in visual neuroscience. He will first build on his previous findings by measuring the effects of directed eye gaze on spatial release from masking in a multiple- talker speech task (Aim 1). Next he will assess the low-level benefits of spatial and temporal visual information to selective attention in task that uses stimuli that exhibit some of the basic characteristics of speech but are non-linguistic in nature (Aim 2). After progressing to the independent phase of the award, the candidate will examine the range of auditory spatial abilities in normal hearing listeners and the effects of binaural deficits on listening performance in multiple-talker environments, then whether deficits can be ascertained electrophysio- logically, and ultimately if spatial deficits change the way listeners leverage visual cues (Aim 3). This research is clinically relevant because it will provide important insights into listening in noise: how spatial hearing deficits affect understanding in the individual, and what specific visual factors underlie important audio-visual coping strategies. The work will facilitate the candidate's immediate career goals of becoming an audio-visual researcher with the necessary substantial experience in both sensory modalities and the ability to execute experiments using measures of both behavior and brain activity. Training during the mentored phase will be supplemented by formal coursework in the physiology and neuroscience of the visual system, meetings with the co-mentor's visual neuroscience group to learn the current literature and critically evaluate the candidate's own work, and by learning nonscientific skills such as mentoring and lab management from the primary mentor as well as institution-wide seminars. The research performed and training provided during this award will be critical for the candidate's long-term goal of directing a lab whose research yields important new insights into how people understand and navigate their sensory world.

描述（由申请人提供）：在许多其他竞争声音面前听一个人说话的困难对于许多人来说是一个重大问题，甚至有些人甚至有正常的听力测试结果。当声音源在空间分​​离时，在这些不良条件下的理解会显着改善，这种效果称为从掩蔽中释放的空间释放。如果一个人看着感兴趣的谈话者，那么看到该人的脸提供了视觉空间和时间信息，可以进一步改善理解，从而使其成为常见且重要的听觉康复策略。但是，候选人最新的工作暗示，仅仅将凝视朝向该声音的行为带来了感知的好处。此外，尽管广泛接受了空间听力和视觉信息对听觉选择性关注的重要性，但这些过程之间的相互作用在很大程度上尚未探索，并且很少做一些工作来表征单个听众之间空间听力能力的差异如何影响他们在嘈杂情况下倾听的能力。在该研究计划的指导培训阶段，候选人将在接受视觉神经科学的培训时进行两个实验，以探索眼睛和视觉信息的影响。他将通过测量有向眼的影响首先建立在他以前的发现上 凝视从掩盖的空间释放中，在多个说话者的语音任务中（AIM 1）。接下来，他将评估空间和时间视觉信息的低级益处，以选择刺激的任务中的选择性注意，这些刺激表现出某些基本的语音特征，但本质上是非语言学的（AIM 2）。在颁发奖项的独立阶段之后，候选人将检查正常听众听众的听觉空间能力范围以及双耳缺陷对多对话者环境中听力表现的影响，然后，是否可以从逻辑上确定电物质物理，并最终确定空间赤字是否会改变听众的视觉视觉性能（目标3）。这项研究在临床上是相关的，因为它将为噪声聆听提供重要的见解：空间听力缺陷如何影响个人的理解，以及哪些特定的视觉因素是重要的视听应对策略。这项工作将促进候选人成为一名视听研究人员的直接职业目标，具有在感觉方式上具有必要的丰富经验，并使用行为和大脑活动的措施来执行实验的能力。在指导阶段的培训将在视觉系统的生理学和神经科学中的正式课程中得到补充，与Co-Ins-Insuber的视觉神经科学小组会面，以学习当前的文献，并认真评估候选人自己的工作，并通过学习非敏感的技能，例如由主要的导师管理和实验室管理。该奖项期间进行的研究和培训对于候选人指导一个实验室的长期目标至关重要，该实验室的研究对人们如何理解和浏览其感官界有了重要的新见解。