Racial Differences in Decision Making among Older Adults

项目摘要/摘要 金融和健康事务的决策对于保持独立性和 老年人的幸福感，最近对以老年白人为主的成年人的研究表明，决策能力会恶化 随着年龄的增长。虽然关于老年黑人成年人决策的知识匮乏，但初步的 研究表明，不同种族的人在决策过程中可能存在差异。决策可以被视为一个 外在语境因素与两个内部系统的复杂交互作用：认知加工 系统和情感处理系统。尽管认知过程中的种族差异一直很好 有文献记载，人们对决策的其他组成部分中的种族差异知之甚少，而这些差异可能 对各种老年人都有深远的经济和公共卫生后果。总目标 这项研究的目的是阐明老年人决策过程中的种族差异，并确定 背景因素、情感因素和驱动它们的神经生物机制。背景因素，如 作为后天获得的金融和健康知识、社会经济地位(SES)和感觉到的歧视，不同 种族，往往在一生中受到不利的社会和环境经历的影响，并且可能 在种族和决策之间有重要的中介作用。人生历程的经历也塑造了 内部调节的情感过程。由于在决策时观察到的差异是情绪化的 过程与认知过程相互作用，信任、风险厌恶和孤独等情感因素可能 对种族决策有重要的调节作用。背景因素和情感因素都有 最近被证明影响了大脑网络的功能架构，揭示了对 参与决策的神经系统。令人遗憾的是，这些发现几乎都是在 白人；因此，关于黑人决策的神经关联方面的知识匮乏 人。在生命过程中经历的背景和情感因素的种族差异可能会导致 大脑功能系统组织的可变性。然而，目前尚不清楚任何推定的 功能神经网络结构的差异可能会导致决策过程中的种族差异。最后， 黑人成年人患阿尔茨海默病(AD)的风险更大。我们最近的工作表明我们做出了错误的决定 使其成为成年白人阿尔茨海默病的潜在危险因素；然而，尚不清楚是否以及在多大程度上 在黑人成年人中，糟糕的决策是AD的一个风险。拟议的研究将利用现有的临床数据。 来自参加少数民族老龄化研究的非痴呆症老年黑人和白人 (RF1AG022018)，Rush临床核心(P3010161)，以及正在进行的老龄化决策研究 (R01AG033678)收集老年黑人成年人的新行为决策和神经成像数据。 了解决策过程中的种族差异以及驱动这些差异的相关因素 确定可能可修改的干预目标以解决健康差距的关键信息。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Decision making in financial and health matters is of critical importance for maintaining independence and wellbeing in old age, and recent work in predominately older White adults suggests decision making worsens with age. While there is a paucity of knowledge regarding decision making in older Black adults, preliminary studies suggest there may be differences in decision making by race. Decision making can be viewed as a complex interaction of externally influenced contextual factors with two internal systems: a cognitive processing system and an affective processing system. Although racial differences in cognitive processing have been well documented, little is known about racial differences in other components of decision making, and these could have profound economic and public health consequences for a diverse range of older adults. The overall goal of this study is to elucidate racial differences in decision making among older adults and to identify the contextual factors, affective factors, and neurobiological mechanisms that drive them. Contextual factors, such as acquired financial and health literacy, socioeconomic status (SES), and perceived discrimination, vary by race, are often influenced by adverse social and environmental experiences over the life course, and could have important mediating effects between race and decision making. Life course experiences also shape internally modulated affective processes. Since differences in decision making are observed when affective processes interact with cognitive processes, affective factors such as trust, risk aversion, and loneliness could have important moderating effects on decision making by race. Both contextual and affective factors have recently been shown to impact the functional architecture of brain networks, revealing important insights into the neural systems involved in decision making. Regrettably, these findings have been almost exclusively in White persons; thus there is a dearth of knowledge regarding the neural correlates of decision making in Black persons. Racial differences in contextual and affective factors experienced over the life course may result in variability in the organization of functional brain systems. However, it is unknown how or whether any putative differences in functional neural network architecture may drive racial differences in decision making. Finally, Black adults are at greater risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our recent work has implicated poor decision making as a potential risk factor for AD in White adults; however, it is unknown whether and to what extent poor decision making is a risk for AD in Black adults. The proposed study will leverage existing clinical data from nondemented older Blacks and Whites participating in the Minority Aging Research Study (RF1AG022018), the Rush Clinical Core (P3010161), and an ongoing study of decision making in aging (R01AG033678) to collect new behavioral decision making and neuroimaging data among older Black adults. Knowledge of racial differences in decision making and the associated factors that drive them will provide crucial information for identifying potentially modifiable targets for intervention to address health disparities.