Racial Differences in Decision Making among Older Adults

老年人决策中的种族差异

• 批准号: 10153609
• 负责人: DUKE HAN
• 金额: $ 62.38万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-15 至 2024-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10153609
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affective; Age; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease risk; Architecture; Basal Ganglia; Behavioral; Brain; Clinical; Clinical Data; Cognitive; Complex; Data; Decision Making; Discrimination; Economics; Elderly; Goals; Health; Health Promotion; Healthcare; Impaired cognition; Intervention; Knowledge; Life Cycle Stages; Loneliness; Measures; Mediating; Minority; Parietal; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Predisposition; Process; Public Health; Race; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Shapes; Socioeconomic Status; System; Trust; Work; cognitive process; contextual factors; discounting; experience; financial literacy; health disparity; health literacy; human old age (65+); insight; neural correlate; neural network architecture; neurobiological mechanism; neuroimaging; non-demented; racial difference; relating to nervous system; research study; social

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Decision making in financial and health matters is of critical importance for maintaining independence and wellbeing in old age, and recent work in predominately older White adults suggests decision making worsens with age. While there is a paucity of knowledge regarding decision making in older Black adults, preliminary studies suggest there may be differences in decision making by race. Decision making can be viewed as a complex interaction of externally influenced contextual factors with two internal systems: a cognitive processing system and an affective processing system. Although racial differences in cognitive processing have been well documented, little is known about racial differences in other components of decision making, and these could have profound economic and public health consequences for a diverse range of older adults. The overall goal of this study is to elucidate racial differences in decision making among older adults and to identify the contextual factors, affective factors, and neurobiological mechanisms that drive them. Contextual factors, such as acquired financial and health literacy, socioeconomic status (SES), and perceived discrimination, vary by race, are often influenced by adverse social and environmental experiences over the life course, and could have important mediating effects between race and decision making. Life course experiences also shape internally modulated affective processes. Since differences in decision making are observed when affective processes interact with cognitive processes, affective factors such as trust, risk aversion, and loneliness could have important moderating effects on decision making by race. Both contextual and affective factors have recently been shown to impact the functional architecture of brain networks, revealing important insights into the neural systems involved in decision making. Regrettably, these findings have been almost exclusively in White persons; thus there is a dearth of knowledge regarding the neural correlates of decision making in Black persons. Racial differences in contextual and affective factors experienced over the life course may result in variability in the organization of functional brain systems. However, it is unknown how or whether any putative differences in functional neural network architecture may drive racial differences in decision making. Finally, Black adults are at greater risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our recent work has implicated poor decision making as a potential risk factor for AD in White adults; however, it is unknown whether and to what extent poor decision making is a risk for AD in Black adults. The proposed study will leverage existing clinical data from nondemented older Blacks and Whites participating in the Minority Aging Research Study (RF1AG022018), the Rush Clinical Core (P3010161), and an ongoing study of decision making in aging (R01AG033678) to collect new behavioral decision making and neuroimaging data among older Black adults. Knowledge of racial differences in decision making and the associated factors that drive them will provide crucial information for identifying potentially modifiable targets for intervention to address health disparities.

项目总结/摘要 财务和卫生事务方面的决策对于保持独立性至关重要， 老年人的幸福感，以及最近在主要是老年白色成年人中的研究表明， 随年龄虽然有一个关于决策的知识在老年黑人成年人的缺乏，初步 研究表明，种族之间的决策可能存在差异。决策可以被看作是一个 受外部影响的语境因素与两个内部系统的复杂相互作用：认知过程 系统和情感处理系统。尽管认知过程中的种族差异一直很好 记录在案，很少有人知道种族差异的其他组成部分的决策，这些可能 对各种各样的老年人产生深远的经济和公共卫生后果。总目标 这项研究的目的是阐明老年人在决策方面的种族差异，并确定 情境因素、情感因素和驱动它们的神经生物学机制。背景因素，如 获得的财务和健康知识，社会经济地位（SES）和感知的歧视， 种族，往往受到不利的社会和环境经验的影响，在生活过程中， 在种族和决策之间有重要的中介作用。人生经历也会塑造 内部调节的情感过程由于在决策的差异时，观察情感 过程与认知过程相互作用，情感因素，如信任，风险规避和孤独， 对种族决策有重要的调节作用。语境因素和情感因素 最近被证明会影响大脑网络的功能结构，揭示了对大脑网络的重要见解。 参与决策的神经系统。令人遗憾的是，这些调查结果几乎完全是在 白色人;因此，缺乏关于黑人决策的神经相关知识 人士在生活过程中经历的背景和情感因素的种族差异可能导致 大脑功能系统组织的可变性。然而，目前尚不清楚任何推定的 功能神经网络架构的差异可能会导致决策中的种族差异。最后， 黑人成年人患阿尔茨海默病（AD）的风险更大。我们最近的研究表明 在白色成年人中作为AD的潜在风险因素;然而，尚不清楚是否以及在多大程度上 决策失误是黑人成年人患AD的风险。拟议研究将利用现有临床数据 从非痴呆老年黑人和白人参与少数民族老龄化研究 （RF 1AG 022018）、Rush临床核心（P3010161）和正在进行的老龄化决策研究 （R 01 AG 033678）收集老年黑人中新的行为决策和神经影像学数据。 了解决策中的种族差异以及驱动这些差异的相关因素， 为确定潜在可修改的干预目标以解决健康差距提供重要信息。