Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD): FIU

 描述(由申请人提供)：尽管我们对物质使用(SU)和成瘾的神经生物学机制的理解最近取得了重大突破，但对于心理社会、神经认知和神经生物学风险因素如何共同影响SU的启动、升级和成瘾，以及它们如何反过来受到影响的综合知识方面，进展仍然不大。SU行为的复杂性，它们出现在神经发育的关键时期，以及它们与身心健康的密切联系，需要一项全面的大规模前瞻性纵向研究，从SU开始之前的青年开始，并结合遗传、心理社会、文化、神经心理学和神经成像措施。这项研究的目的与RFA-DA-15-015中提出的青少年大脑认知发展(ABCD)研究联盟的目标一致。这些是为了：(1)确定不同的苏的使用模式如何影响发育中的大脑的结构和功能；(2)确定苏的使用对健康、心理社会发展、神经认知、学业成就、动机和情绪调节的影响；(3)了解苏和成瘾如何影响精神病理学的开始、过程和严重程度，反之亦然；(4)确定影响苏的轨迹及其后果的因素；以及(5)确定一种物质的使用如何促进其他物质的使用。作为美国最大的少数族裔群体，拉美裔在ABCD学习的招生计划中占有重要地位。佛罗里达国际大学(FIU)ABCD网站将独特地为实现这些目标做出贡献，并通过招收900名来自南佛罗里达州的9至10岁的多族裔拉丁裔青年来增强其影响和意义，这些青年的基线和物质天真。我们的样本中的绝大多数将处于正常发育阶段，但30%的人将被诊断为破坏性行为障碍(DBD；即ADHD、品行障碍或对抗性违抗障碍)，以增加在样本中观察到SU开始和升级的可能性，并更好地了解DBD和SU轨迹之间的强烈联系的机制。此外，在这个独特的样本中，对个人、家庭内和社区层面的文化因素进行多维评估，将有助于表征文化因素之间的动态关系(例如，文化适应和双文化主义)如何影响SU的启动、升级和上瘾，以及潜在的机制。参与者将在研究的前5年完成六次评估，其中包括对SU和各种心理社会、文化、神经心理和神经成像措施的详细评估。这项研究将与ABCD协调中心、数据中心和选定的地点一起，揭示心理社会(包括文化)、神经认知和神经生物学因素如何动态交互作用，影响从童年到青春期和成年后的SU轨迹。ABCD研究的结果将进一步推动NIDA将尖端科学应用于SU和成瘾问题，以便为政策提供信息，并改善预防和治疗。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite significant recent breakthroughs in our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms involved in substance use (SU) and addiction, progress remains modest toward integrative knowledge on how psychosocial, neurocognitive, and neurobiological risk factors jointly influence SU initiation, escalation, and addiction, and how they are affected in return. The complexity of SU behaviors, their emergence during critical periods of neurodevelopment, and their strong linkages with physical and mental health, demands a comprehensive large- scale, prospective longitudinal study that begins with youth prior to initiation of SU and that incorporates genetic, psychosocial, cultural, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging measures. The aims of this study align with those of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study Consortium as set forth in RFA-DA-15-015. These are to: (1) Establish how diverse patterns of SU use impact the structure and function of the developing brain; (2) Identify the impact of SU use on health, psychosocial development, neurocognition, academic achievement, motivation, and emotional regulation; (3) Understand how SU and addiction affect the onset, course, and severity of psychopathology, and vice versa; (4) Identify factors that influence trajectories of SU and its consequences; and (5) Establish how use of one substance contributes to use of other substances. As the largest ethnic minority group in the US, Latinos merit a significant position in the enrollment plan for th ABCD study. The Florida International University (FIU) ABCD site will uniquely contribute to achieving these aims and enhance their impact and significance through enrollment of 900 multi-ethnic Latino youth from South Florida who will be 9 to 10 years old at baseline and substance naïve. The vast majority of our sample will be normally developing, but 30% will have a diagnosis of a disruptive behavior disorder (DBD; i.e., ADHD, Conduct Disorder, or Oppositional Defiant Disorder) to increase likelihood of observing initiation and escalation of SU in the sample and to better understand mechanisms accounting for the strong linkages between DBDs and SU trajectories. Furthermore, multidimensional assessment of cultural factors at the individual, intra-familial, and community level in this unique sample, will allow for characterization of how dynamic relationships between cultural factors (e.g., acculturation and biculturalism) influence SU initiation, escalation, and addiction, as well as underlying mechanisms. Participants will complete six assessment waves during the first 5 years of the study, which includes detailed assessments of SU and various psychosocial, cultural, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging measures. In conjunction with the ABCD Coordinating Center, Data Center, and selected sites, this study will reveal how psychosocial (including cultural), neurocognitive, and neurobiological factors dynamically interact to influence SU trajectories during development from childhood through adolescence and into young adulthood. The findings of the ABCD Study will further NIDA's mission to apply cutting-edge science to issues of SU and addiction in order to inform policy and improve prevention and treatment.