Integrative Functions of the Planum Temporale

颞平面的综合功能

• 批准号: 9178064
• 负责人: Gregory Hickok
• 金额: $ 55.92万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-12-01 至 2020-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9178064
• 关键词: Address; Anatomy; Anterior; Aphasia; Area; Associative aphasia; Auditory; Autistic Disorder; Basic Science; Biological Assay; Brain; Clinical Pathways; Communication impairment; Comprehension; Computer Simulation; Cues; Data; Disease; Dyslexia; Environment; Exhibits; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Future; Grant; Hearing; Impairment; Individual; Judgment; Language; Language Disorders; Lateral; Left; Lesion; Location; Maps; Masks; Measurement; Measures; Medial; Methods; Modeling; Motor; Names; Noise; Patients; Periodicity; Play; Prevalence; Research; Role; Sampling; Schizophrenia; Severities; Signal Transduction; Source; Specificity; Speech; Speech Development; Speech Intelligibility; Speech Perception; Stimulus; Stream; Stroke; Stuttering; Symptoms; System; Task Performances; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Visual; Visual Cortex; Voice; Work; audiovisual speech; base; brain behavior; clinical Diagnosis; clinical translation; clinically relevant; comparison group; experimental study; hearing impairment; improved; motor control; motor deficit; multisensory; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; speech recognition; targeted treatment; theories

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Traditionally thought be a speech-dedicated area, the planum temporale (PT) has been implicated in a host of functions including speech perception, tonal processing, auditory-motor integration, spatial hearing, and audio- visual integration. The present proposal uses the lesion method to test hypotheses regarding the causal role the PT region plays in these functions while at the same time providing important new clinically relevant information. We will assess these functions in a large sample of stroke patients to measure the severity, prevalence and relations between these abilities and correlate deficits with lesion location using voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) augmented by additional methods. Healthy controls and a hearing impaired comparison group will also be tested. We propose three specific aims selected for basic science theoretical import and maximal opportunity for future clinical translation. Aim 1: Understand the role of spatial hearing in stroke-induced communication impairment. In two experiments with stroke patients we will measure speech in noise comprehension with and without spatial cues as well as non-speech auditory streaming acuity using a "rhythmic release from masking" paradigm. Lesions associated with these deficits will be mapped with VLSM. Aim 2: Understand the neural basis of audiovisual speech integration. AV speech has been shown to improve speech intelligibility over auditory speech alone and could potentially benefit individuals with speech recognition impairments do to aphasia. Our pilot data in stroke patients indeed shows that AV speech can facilitate speech recognition in some patients, but also that it can paradoxically interfere with speech recognition in other patients. The effect it has appears to vary with lesion location. We propose a McGurk task as one probe of AV integration and AV synchrony judgments as a second. Lesions associated with these deficits will be mapped with VLSM. Aim 3: Characterize auditory-motor function and organization of the PT region. Auditory-motor integration is unequivocally central to speech development, speech motor control, and speech impairments such as conduction aphasia and possibly stuttering. Here we use repetition tasks with words, non-words and melodic stimuli-which we used to map the auditory-motor circuit in our fMRI research-as one assay of auditory-motor integration in stroke patients to assess speech specificity of the circuit. In addition, we use computational model-driven measurement of the auditory-motor component of a picture-naming task. Lesions associated with these deficits will be mapped with VLSM. -- The present proposal will illuminate the organization of PT region, the relation between different but functionally related speech systems, and potential pathways for clinical translation.

 描述（由申请人提供）：传统上认为是言语专用区域，颞平面（PT）涉及许多功能，包括言语感知、音调处理、听觉-运动整合、空间听觉和视听整合。本提案使用病变的方法来测试假设的因果关系的PT区域在这些功能中发挥的作用，而在同一时间提供重要的新的临床相关信息。我们将评估这些功能在一个大样本的中风患者，以衡量这些能力的严重程度，患病率和之间的关系，并使用基于体素的病变症状映射（VLSM）增强了其他方法与病变部位的相关赤字。还将测试健康对照组和听力受损对照组。我们提出了为基础科学理论导入和未来临床翻译的最大机会而选择的三个具体目标。目的1：了解空间听觉在脑卒中所致沟通障碍中的作用。在两个中风患者的实验中，我们将测量语音噪声的理解和没有空间线索，以及非语音听觉流敏锐度使用“节奏释放掩蔽”的范例。与这些缺陷相关的病变将使用VLSM进行标测。目的2：了解视听语音整合的神经基础。AV语音已被证明可以改善语音清晰度超过单独的听觉语音，并可能使患有失语症的语音识别障碍的个体受益。我们在中风患者中的试验数据确实表明，AV语音可以促进某些患者的语音识别，但它也可以矛盾地干扰其他患者的语音识别。它的效果似乎随病变部位而变化。我们提出了一个McGurk任务作为AV整合和AV同步判断作为第二个探针。与这些缺陷相关的病变将使用VLSM进行标测。目的3：表征PT区域的神经运动功能和组织。听觉-运动整合对于言语发育、言语运动控制和言语障碍如传导性失语症和可能的口吃都是非常重要的。在这里，我们使用重复任务与单词，非单词和旋律刺激，我们用来映射的大脑-运动电路在我们的功能磁共振成像研究作为一个分析中风患者的大脑-运动整合，以评估语音特异性的电路。 此外，我们使用计算模型驱动的测量的图片命名任务的运动组件。与这些缺陷相关的病变将使用VLSM进行标测。--本研究将阐明PT区的组织结构，不同但功能相关的语音系统之间的关系，以及临床翻译的潜在途径。