Integrative Functions of the Planum Temporale

 描述(申请人提供)：传统上认为临时平面(PT)是一个言语专用区域，它涉及一系列功能，包括言语感知、音调处理、听觉-运动整合、空间听力和视听整合。目前的建议使用损伤方法来检验关于PT区域在这些功能中所起的因果作用的假设，同时提供重要的新的临床相关信息。我们将在大样本中风患者中评估这些功能，以衡量这些功能的严重性、患病率和这些能力之间的关系，并使用附加方法增强的基于体素的病变症状映射(VLSM)将缺陷与病变位置相关联。健康对照组和听力受损对照组也将接受测试。我们提出了为基础科学理论引进和为未来临床翻译提供最大机会而选择的三个具体目标。目的1：了解空间听觉在卒中所致沟通障碍中的作用。在对中风患者的两个实验中，我们将测量有和没有空间线索的噪声理解中的语音，以及使用“有节奏的掩蔽释放”范式的非语音听觉流动敏锐度。与这些缺陷相关的病变将用VLSM进行标测。目的2：了解视听语音整合的神经基础。视听语音已被证明比单纯的听觉语音更能提高语音的可理解性，并可能使有语音识别障碍的人受益于失语症。我们在中风患者中的试点数据确实表明，AV语音可以促进某些患者的语音识别，但它也可能矛盾地干扰其他患者的语音识别。它的作用似乎因病变部位而异。我们提出了McGurk任务作为AV整合的一个探测器，并将AV同步判断作为第二个探测器。与这些缺陷相关的病变将用VLSM进行标测。目的3：描述听觉运动功能和PT区的组织结构。听觉-运动整合无疑是言语发展、言语运动控制和言语障碍(如传导性失语和可能的口吃)的核心。在这里，我们使用带有单词、非单词和旋律刺激的重复任务--我们在fMRI研究中用这些任务来映射听觉-运动回路--作为中风患者听觉-运动整合的一种分析，以评估该回路的言语特异性。 此外，我们使用计算模型驱动的测量听觉运动成分的图片命名任务。与这些缺陷相关的病变将用VLSM进行标测。-本提案将阐明PT区域的组织，不同但功能相关的语音系统之间的关系，以及临床翻译的潜在途径。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Traditionally thought be a speech-dedicated area, the planum temporale (PT) has been implicated in a host of functions including speech perception, tonal processing, auditory-motor integration, spatial hearing, and audio- visual integration. The present proposal uses the lesion method to test hypotheses regarding the causal role the PT region plays in these functions while at the same time providing important new clinically relevant information. We will assess these functions in a large sample of stroke patients to measure the severity, prevalence and relations between these abilities and correlate deficits with lesion location using voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) augmented by additional methods. Healthy controls and a hearing impaired comparison group will also be tested. We propose three specific aims selected for basic science theoretical import and maximal opportunity for future clinical translation. Aim 1: Understand the role of spatial hearing in stroke-induced communication impairment. In two experiments with stroke patients we will measure speech in noise comprehension with and without spatial cues as well as non-speech auditory streaming acuity using a "rhythmic release from masking" paradigm. Lesions associated with these deficits will be mapped with VLSM. Aim 2: Understand the neural basis of audiovisual speech integration. AV speech has been shown to improve speech intelligibility over auditory speech alone and could potentially benefit individuals with speech recognition impairments do to aphasia. Our pilot data in stroke patients indeed shows that AV speech can facilitate speech recognition in some patients, but also that it can paradoxically interfere with speech recognition in other patients. The effect it has appears to vary with lesion location. We propose a McGurk task as one probe of AV integration and AV synchrony judgments as a second. Lesions associated with these deficits will be mapped with VLSM. Aim 3: Characterize auditory-motor function and organization of the PT region. Auditory-motor integration is unequivocally central to speech development, speech motor control, and speech impairments such as conduction aphasia and possibly stuttering. Here we use repetition tasks with words, non-words and melodic stimuli-which we used to map the auditory-motor circuit in our fMRI research-as one assay of auditory-motor integration in stroke patients to assess speech specificity of the circuit. In addition, we use computational model-driven measurement of the auditory-motor component of a picture-naming task. Lesions associated with these deficits will be mapped with VLSM. -- The present proposal will illuminate the organization of PT region, the relation between different but functionally related speech systems, and potential pathways for clinical translation.