Integrative Functions of the Planum Temporale

描述（由申请人提供）：几十年来，颞平面（PT）的功能解剖一直是理论界关注的焦点，也是最近从自闭症到精神分裂症等许多疾病的临床研究的焦点。虽然（左）前颞叶最初被认为是辅助语言功能的，但最近的基础研究表明，它是多功能的，涉及多种处理领域，如语音感知和产生、音调处理、听觉-运动整合、空间听觉和多感觉整合。考虑到PT在大脑皮层功能理论模型中对一系列能力的潜在重要性以及其广泛的临床意义，我们迫切需要对PT的功能组织进行更彻底的了解。目前的提案试图通过一系列的功能磁共振成像研究来填补这一空白，这些研究使用了主题设计，并围绕四个具体目标组织起来。目的1是评估激活PT的几个已知功能的激活模式，包括语音感知/产生、音调/旋律感知、感觉-运动整合、视觉语音感知和空间听觉。目的2旨在了解PT中感觉-运动激活的功能基础。感觉-运动行为在临床和功能上都与PT（特别是左侧）密切相关。这个目的是检查PT感觉运动激活是否与听觉系统（如通常认为的那样）或声道发音系统（如我们最近的假设）更紧密地联系在一起。此外，我们研究了该系统在时间序列处理中的作用，我们认为这与感觉-运动功能有关。目的3是识别支持空间听觉和语音处理相互作用的神经网络。言语相关功能和空间听觉相关功能都与PT功能有关。我们研究了这两个功能在听觉流分割中可能的相互作用，特别是PT的激活是否反映了空间线索的使用，将听觉信息分割成不同的对象。最后，目标4是绘制空间-语音整合和视觉-语音整合之间的关系。众所周知，听觉流分离过程不仅可以利用空间线索，还可以利用视觉语言线索。有趣的是，处理这两种线索涉及到PT暗示一种可能的联系。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The functional anatomy of the planum temporale (PT) has been of great theoretical interest for decades, and a focus of recent clinical studies of a number of disorders ranging from autism to schizophrenia. Although the (left) PT was initially thought to subserve language functions, recent basic research has shown that it is multifunctional, being implicated in such diverse processing domains as speech perception and production, tonal processing, auditory-motor integration, spatial hearing, and multi-sensory integration. Given the potential importance of the PT in both theoretical models of cortical function for a range of abilities as well as its widespread clinical implications, a more thorough understanding of the functional organization of the PT is sorely needed. The present proposal seeks to fill this gap through a series of fMRI studies using within subject designs, and organized around four specific aims. Aim 1 is to assess activation patterns for several functions known to activate the PT, including speech perception/production, tonal/melodic perception, sensory-motor integration, visual speech perception, and spatial hearing. Aim 2 seeks to understand the functional basis for sensory-motor activations in the PT. Sensory-motor behaviors have been strongly associated with the PT (particular on the left) both clinically and functionally. This aim examines whether PT sensory-motor activations are more strongly aligned with the auditory system (as is typically thought) or to the vocal tract articulator system (as we have recently hypothesized). In addition, we examine this system's role in temporal sequence processing, which we believe is connected to sensory-motor function. Aim 3 is to identify neural networks supporting the interaction of spatial hearing and speech processing. Both speech-related and spatial hearing- related functions have been associated with PT function. We examine a possible interaction of these two functions in connection with auditory stream segmentation, in particular whether activation in the PT reflects the use of spatial cues to segment auditory information into distinct objects. Finally, Aim 4 is to map the relation between spatial-speech integration and visual-speech integration. It is well known that auditory stream segregation processes can make use not only of spatial cues, but also of visual speech cues. Interestingly, processing both of these cues involves the PT suggesting a possible connection.