MULTILEVEL INTERPLAYS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOBACCO DEPENDENCE

项目总结 青少年和年轻人的烟草使用仍然是#年最具挑战性的公共卫生问题之一。 美国。青春期和青春期是烟草易感性增加的窗口 使用。青少年吸烟者中有很高比例的人在青春期出现烟草依赖 青壮年。因此，充分了解烟草依赖的风险机制对于 采取多层次干预措施，以减少烟草依赖的风险。虽然个体水平的遗传 而且烟草依赖的非遗传风险因素已经确定，只有少数前瞻性研究已经 评估邻里关系对吸烟行为的影响。邻里条件和基因的作用- 邻里关系在烟草依赖的发展中起着相互作用，特别是在青少年和 年轻人，仍然不清楚。此外，作为纵向研究中的常见事件，流动性导致的变化 社区暴露可能会对吸烟行为产生影响，这在以前的 研究并可能导致对邻里效应的不准确估计。密苏里州的青春期女性 双胞胎研究(MOAFTS)是一项具有良好特征的前瞻性队列研究，在该研究中，个人和家庭水平 信息和居住历史是在基线上收集的，并在20年内定期更新 后续行动。这为我们提供了一个独特的机会来研究邻里关系的主要和交互影响 对烟草依赖的暴露。具体来说，我们将纵向评估邻里关系的影响 发展烟草依赖的条件(目标1)，并描述了 邻里暴露的受试者内变化及其对烟草依赖发展的影响 (目标2)。此外，我们将前瞻性地研究邻里曝露和 青少年和青壮年烟草依赖风险的遗传易感性(目标3)。 国家和全州范围的数据来源将用于制定各种小区域邻里措施， 将与MOAFTS队列相关联。通过将边缘结构建模与多层次行为相结合 遗传建模，我们将准确地评估邻居的作用和基因-邻居的相互作用 通过控制流动性引起的空间不确定性来控制烟草依赖。据我们所知，这将是 第一项综合评估邻里条件和基因邻里作用的前瞻性研究 在青少年和青壮年的烟草依赖形成过程中的相互作用。结果将会是 加深我们对烟草依赖风险机制的理解，并提供多层次的策略 减少青少年和青壮年的烟草依赖，最终减轻 与烟草有关的疾病。

PROJECT SUMMARY Tobacco use in adolescents and young adults remains one of the most challenging public health issues in the United States. Adolescence and young adulthood represent a window of heightened vulnerability to tobacco use. A high proportion of adolescent tobacco users develop tobacco dependence during the adolescence and young adulthood. Thus, full understanding of the risk mechanisms of tobacco dependence is critical for multilevel interventions to reduce the risk of developing tobacco dependence. Although individual-level genetic and nongenetic risk factors for tobacco dependence have been established, only few prospective studies have assessed neighborhood effects on smoking behaviors. The role of neighborhood conditions and gene- neighborhood interplays in the development of tobacco dependence, particularly among adolescents and young adults, remain unclear. In addition, as a common event in longitudinal studies, mobility-induced change of neighborhood exposures may have an impact on smoking behaviors, which were ignored in the previous research and might lead to inaccurate estimations of neighborhood effects. The Missouri Adolescent Female Twin Study (MOAFTS) is a well-characterized prospective cohort study in which individual- and family-level information and residential histories were collected at baseline and updated periodically during the 20-year followup. This provides us a unique opportunity to examine the main and interactive effects of neighborhood exposures on tobacco dependence. Specifically, we will longitudinally assess the impacts of neighborhood conditions on the development of tobacco dependence (Aim 1) and characterize the geographic pattern of within-subject changes in neighborhood exposures and its effect on the development of tobacco dependence (Aim 2). Furthermore, we will prospectively examine the interactive effects of neighborhood exposures and genetic predisposition on the risk for tobacco dependence among adolescents and young adults (Aim 3). National and statewide data sources will be used to develop various small-area neighborhood measures that will be linked to the MOAFTS cohort. By integrating marginal structural modeling to multilevel behavioral genetic modeling, we will accurately assess the role of neighborhoods and gene-neighborhood interactions in tobacco dependence by controlling for mobility-induced spatial uncertainty. To our knowledge, this will be the first prospective study to comprehensively assess the role of neighborhood conditions and gene-neighborhood interplays in the development of tobacco dependence among adolescents and young adults. The results will refine our understanding of the risk mechanisms of tobacco dependence and inform multi-level strategies for reducing tobacco dependence among adolescents and young adults, ultimately reducing the burden of tobacco-related diseases.