USING DIFFUSE OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY TO UNDERSTAND DEEP BRAIN STIMULATIONS IMPACT ON CORTICAL NETWORKS

光学成像是一种非侵入性成像方式，可以可视化血液容量和功能动力学 氧气消耗与大脑生理和病理有关。卡尔弗团队开发了一部小说 高密度漫反射光学层析成像(HD-DOT)系统，可实现与fMRI相当的图像质量和 敏感度，并可使用功能连接和皮质血液检测皮质静息状态网络(RSN) 对任务进行流畅响应。这项技术创新现在为研究患者开辟了新的途径 无法用功能磁共振成像的人群。这种新机会的一个主要例子是拥有 植入脑深部刺激器(DBS)。星展银行对临床利益的系统层面的影响 潜在的副作用仍未完全了解，可能有助于优化星展银行，潜在地提供 目前编程和电极选择的试错法的捷径。目前， 对星展银行涉及的大脑网络的调查是困难的，因为 传统的神经成像技术。由于植入硬件的禁忌症，这些患者 不能安全地用核磁共振成像用于研究目的。虽然血液流量可以通过正电子发射计算机断层扫描测量 对于这些患者，由于辐射暴露限制和较差的时间分辨率(例如几分钟)，研究受到限制。 相比之下，HD-DOT允许我们测量皮质血流动力学，以响应TASK或DBS条件 测量静息状态网络的时间和空间分辨率与fMRI相当，并且 舒适(患者在扫描过程中坐在舒适的椅子上)，没有辐射照射。我们之前已经 显示了在少数患者中评估皮质RSNs和任务诱导反应的可行性 丘脑底核(STN)DBS。这里提出的工作将建立HD-DOT的实用性和敏感性 回答两个不同DBS人群中的重要临床和理论问题。

Optical imaging is a non-invasive imaging modality that can visualize functional dynamics of blood volume and oxygen consumption associated with brain physiology and pathology. The Culver group has developed a novel high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) system that achieves fMRI-comparable image quality and sensitivity and can detect cortical resting state networks (RSN) using functional connectivity and cortical blood flow responses to tasks. This technological innovation now opens up new avenues of research into patient populations that cannot be imaged with fMRI. A prime example of this new opportunity is individuals with implanted deep brain stimulators (DBS). The systems-level impact of DBS responsible for clinical benefit and potential side-effects is still not fully understood and could be useful in optimizing DBS, potentially providing short-cuts to the current trial-and-error approach to programming and electrode selection. Currently, investigations into the brain networks involved in DBS are difficult due to the significant limitations of conventional neuroimaging techniques. Due to contraindications from implanted hardware, these patients cannot be safely imaged with MRI for research purposes. Although blood flow can be measured by PET in these patients, studies are limited due to radiation exposure limits and poor temporal resolution (e.g. minutes). In contrast, HD-DOT allows us to measure cortical hemodynamics in response to task or DBS conditions and measure resting state networks with comparable temporal and spatial resolution to fMRI and with greater comfort (patients sit in a comfortable chair during scanning) and no radiation exposure. We have previously shown the feasibility of assessing cortical RSNs and task-induced responses in a small number of patients with subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS. The work proposed here will establish the utility and sensitivity of HD-DOT to answer important clinical and theoretical questions in two different DBS populations.