USING DIFFUSE OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY TO UNDERSTAND DEEP BRAIN STIMULATIONS IMPACT ON CORTICAL NETWORKS

光学成像是一种非侵入性成像方式，可以可视化血容量和功能动态 耗氧量与大脑生理学和病理学相关。卡尔弗小组开发了一种小说 高密度漫反射光学断层扫描 (HD-DOT) 系统，可实现与功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 相当的图像质量 灵敏度，并且可以使用功能连接和皮质血液检测皮质静息状态网络 (RSN) 对任务的流动响应。这项技术创新现在开辟了患者研究的新途径 无法通过功能磁共振成像成像的人群。这一新机会的一个典型例子是具有以下特征的个人： 植入深部脑刺激器（DBS）。 DBS 负责临床效益的系统级影响和 潜在的副作用尚未完全了解，但可能有助于优化 DBS，可能提供 当前编程和电极选择的试错方法的捷径。目前， 由于 DBS 的显着局限性，对 DBS 涉及的大脑网络的研究很困难。 传统的神经影像技术。由于植入硬件的禁忌症，这些患者 无法出于研究目的使用 MRI 安全成像。尽管 PET 可以测量血流量 由于辐射暴露限制和时间分辨率差（例如分钟），对这些患者的研究受到限制。 相比之下，HD-DOT 允许我们测量皮质血流动力学以响应任务或 DBS 条件，并 以与功能磁共振成像相当的时间和空间分辨率测量静息状态网络，并具有更大的 舒适（扫描期间患者坐在舒适的椅子上）并且无辐射暴露。我们之前有过 显示了评估少数患者皮质 RSN 和任务诱导反应的可行性 丘脑底核 (STN) DBS。这里提出的工作将确定 HD-DOT 的实用性和敏感性 回答两个不同 DBS 人群的重要临床和理论问题。

Optical imaging is a non-invasive imaging modality that can visualize functional dynamics of blood volume and oxygen consumption associated with brain physiology and pathology. The Culver group has developed a novel high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) system that achieves fMRI-comparable image quality and sensitivity and can detect cortical resting state networks (RSN) using functional connectivity and cortical blood flow responses to tasks. This technological innovation now opens up new avenues of research into patient populations that cannot be imaged with fMRI. A prime example of this new opportunity is individuals with implanted deep brain stimulators (DBS). The systems-level impact of DBS responsible for clinical benefit and potential side-effects is still not fully understood and could be useful in optimizing DBS, potentially providing short-cuts to the current trial-and-error approach to programming and electrode selection. Currently, investigations into the brain networks involved in DBS are difficult due to the significant limitations of conventional neuroimaging techniques. Due to contraindications from implanted hardware, these patients cannot be safely imaged with MRI for research purposes. Although blood flow can be measured by PET in these patients, studies are limited due to radiation exposure limits and poor temporal resolution (e.g. minutes). In contrast, HD-DOT allows us to measure cortical hemodynamics in response to task or DBS conditions and measure resting state networks with comparable temporal and spatial resolution to fMRI and with greater comfort (patients sit in a comfortable chair during scanning) and no radiation exposure. We have previously shown the feasibility of assessing cortical RSNs and task-induced responses in a small number of patients with subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS. The work proposed here will establish the utility and sensitivity of HD-DOT to answer important clinical and theoretical questions in two different DBS populations.