USING DIFFUSE OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY TO UNDERSTAND DEEP BRAIN STIMULATIONS IMPACT ON CORTICAL NETWORKS

光学成像是一种非侵入性成像模式，其可以可视化血容量的功能动力学， 与脑生理学和病理学相关的耗氧量。卡尔弗小组开发了一种小说 高密度漫射光学断层扫描（HD-DOT）系统，可实现与fMRI相当的图像质量， 灵敏度，并可以使用功能连接和皮质血液检测皮质静息状态网络（RSN） 流对任务的响应。这项技术创新现在开辟了研究患者的新途径。 无法用功能磁共振成像成像的人群。这种新机会的一个主要例子是个人， 脑深部电刺激器（DBS）DBS对临床受益的系统级影响， 潜在的副作用尚未完全了解，可能有助于优化DBS， 编程和电极选择的当前试错法的捷径。目前， 研究DBS中涉及的脑网络是困难的，这是由于以下因素的显著限制： 传统的神经成像技术。由于植入硬件的禁忌症，这些患者 不能安全地用MRI成像用于研究目的。虽然血流可以通过PET测量， 由于辐射暴露限制和时间分辨率差（例如分钟），对这些患者的研究受到限制。 相比之下，HD-DOT允许我们测量皮质血流动力学对任务或DBS条件的反应， 测量静息状态网络，其时间和空间分辨率与fMRI相当， 舒适性（扫描期间患者坐在舒适的椅子上），无辐射暴露。我们先前已经 显示了在少数患者中评估皮质RSN和任务诱导反应的可行性， 丘脑底核DBS。本文提出的工作将建立HD-DOT的实用性和灵敏度， 回答两个不同DBS人群中的重要临床和理论问题。

Optical imaging is a non-invasive imaging modality that can visualize functional dynamics of blood volume and oxygen consumption associated with brain physiology and pathology. The Culver group has developed a novel high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) system that achieves fMRI-comparable image quality and sensitivity and can detect cortical resting state networks (RSN) using functional connectivity and cortical blood flow responses to tasks. This technological innovation now opens up new avenues of research into patient populations that cannot be imaged with fMRI. A prime example of this new opportunity is individuals with implanted deep brain stimulators (DBS). The systems-level impact of DBS responsible for clinical benefit and potential side-effects is still not fully understood and could be useful in optimizing DBS, potentially providing short-cuts to the current trial-and-error approach to programming and electrode selection. Currently, investigations into the brain networks involved in DBS are difficult due to the significant limitations of conventional neuroimaging techniques. Due to contraindications from implanted hardware, these patients cannot be safely imaged with MRI for research purposes. Although blood flow can be measured by PET in these patients, studies are limited due to radiation exposure limits and poor temporal resolution (e.g. minutes). In contrast, HD-DOT allows us to measure cortical hemodynamics in response to task or DBS conditions and measure resting state networks with comparable temporal and spatial resolution to fMRI and with greater comfort (patients sit in a comfortable chair during scanning) and no radiation exposure. We have previously shown the feasibility of assessing cortical RSNs and task-induced responses in a small number of patients with subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS. The work proposed here will establish the utility and sensitivity of HD-DOT to answer important clinical and theoretical questions in two different DBS populations.