HIGH-DENSITY OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH COCHLEAR IMPLANTS

人工耳蜗患者的高密度光学断层扫描

• 批准号: 9755396
• 负责人: JOSEPH P CULVER
• 金额: $ 19.61万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-05 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9755396
• 关键词: Acoustic Nerve; Acoustics; Address; Adult; Affect; Algorithms; Anatomy; Area; Atlases; Auditory; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain imaging; Child; Clinical; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Cochlear implant procedure; Complex; Comprehension; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Electroencephalography; Environment; Equilibrium; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Grant; Head; Hearing; Human; Image; Implant; Individual; Individual Differences; Knowledge; Language; Life; Light; MRI Scans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Measures; Medical Device; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Morphologic artifacts; Motivation; Nature; Noise; Optical Tomography; Optics; Outcome Measure; Participant; Patient Care; Patient imaging; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Process; Research; Signal Transduction; Speech; Speech Perception; Support System; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Translating; Ursidae Family; auditory deprivation; aural rehabilitation; base; behavioral outcome; cognitive load; cognitive neuroscience; cortex mapping; deaf; denoising; density; diffuse optical tomography; experience; first-in-human; flexibility; frontal lobe; hearing impairment; hearing restoration; hemodynamics; implantation; improved; individual patient; innovation; language comprehension; medical implant; neural network; neuroimaging; neuroprosthesis; novel; optical imaging; patient population; prevent; rehabilitation strategy; relating to nervous system; response; retinotopic; serial imaging; sound; source localization; speech recognition; tool; virtual

Abstract Optical brain imaging allows the noninvasive mapping of human brain activity in a quiet and magnet-free environment. This technology is particularly important for patients who have implanted medical devices, such as cochlear implants, that rule out magnetic resonance imaging. Being able to map brain activity in patients with implanted medical devices is critical because it allows us to understand the complex balance between neural networks in individuals that support successful behavior, and to diagnose where breakdowns in activity are problematic. Adult listeners with cochlear implants are a unique group in which to investigate task-evoked neural activity: They have typically adapted to auditory deprivation for a period of years of profound hearing loss, followed by some degree of hearing restoration following implantation. Following increased auditory input due to cochlear implantation, the degree to which individual listeners are able to successfully recognize speech, especially in the presence of background noise, is extremely variable. Previous attempts to explain this variability in the context of underlying patterns of brain activity have been unsuccessful, in large part because the technical challenges associated with neuroimaging in the presence of an implanted medical device have prevented whole-brain imaging of neural responses to speech. The goal of our research is to bring methodological improvements to bear in optical neuroimaging that will allow us to use high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) to effectively image single-subject responses to spoken language. We will validate atlas-based spatial normalization, necessary in patients with medical implants because they do not have MRI images available to aid the localization process. We will also develop improved head models and denoising algorithms that will improve the optical imaging signal-to-noise ratio. Finally, we will implement a novel story comprehension paradigm to map receptive language areas in individual participants, including measures of test-retest reliability, which we will then translate to patients with cochlear implants. Our long-term research plan is to understand the neural systems that support speech recognition in listeners with cochlear implants and to use knowledge about these systems to improve behavioral outcomes.

摘要 光学脑成像允许在安静和无磁铁的情况下无创地绘制人脑活动图 环境。这项技术对于植入了医疗器械的患者来说尤其重要，比如 作为人工耳蜗，这就排除了磁共振成像的可能性。能够绘制患者的大脑活动图 植入医疗设备是至关重要的，因为它使我们能够理解 支持成功行为的个体的神经网络，并诊断活动中哪里出了问题 是有问题的。植入人工耳蜗的成年听者是研究任务诱发的一个独特的群体 神经活动：他们通常已经适应了一段时间的听觉剥夺，听力严重 在植入后，听力会有一定程度的恢复。随着听觉输入的增加 由于植入了人工耳蜗，个体听者能够成功识别的程度 语音，特别是在存在背景噪声的情况下，是非常可变的。之前试图解释的 在很大程度上，大脑活动潜在模式的这种可变性是不成功的 因为在植入的医疗设备存在的情况下与神经成像相关的技术挑战 设备阻止了对语音的神经反应的全脑成像。我们研究的目标是把 光学神经成像方法的改进，将使我们能够使用高密度漫反射 光学断层扫描(HD-DOT)可以有效地对单一受试者对口语的反应进行成像。我们会 验证基于图谱的空间归一化，对于有医疗植入物的患者是必要的，因为他们不 有可用的MRI图像来帮助本地化过程。我们还将开发改进的头部模型和 去噪算法将提高光学成像的信噪比。最后，我们将实现一个 新的故事理解范式，以绘制个体参与者的接受性语言区域，包括 测试-重新测试可靠性的测量，然后我们将转换到人工耳蜗术后的患者。我们的长期合作 研究计划是了解支持有耳蜗者语音识别的神经系统 并利用关于这些系统的知识来改善行为结果。