Social Determinants of Change in Cognitive and Physical Functioning

这一分项目充分利用了#年纵向研究交叉研究比较的机会。 国际背景，以更好地了解寿命背景对以后生活、认知和身体的影响 功能正常。我们的重点是个体认知和健康差异的社会决定因素， 强调不同的衰老风险和影响身体和认知能力的暴露过程， 认知储备和认知衰退。然而，因为许多人认为社会因素不会影响年龄- 相关的身体或认知结果，而不是根据它们进行选择，我们将使用反事实的方法， 例如倾向得分匹配，除了包括多水平模型在内的标准分析方法之外，还可以 将社会人口统计过程在以后生活中对认知和身体功能的影响隔离开来。 该项目的一个重要方面是复制和跨研究比较以下研究的结果 在出生队列、资源、地理和文化上不同。因此，这个子项目将与Core密切合作 B在评价成果时开发和利用一个国际背景数据库，以帮助实现背景 我们的结果是在一个具有历史敏感性、可比性和严谨性的元分析框架中得出的。我们将研究 教育程度、社会经济地位和童年的竞争和互补效应 对晚年生活中认知的认知，并评估社会和语境变化在未来生活中的作用 出生队列。此外，我们将评估与工作相关的需求、退休年龄和社会责任的影响 在随后的水平上上课以及认知和身体功能的变化。子项目将强调 跨队列和跨国家的数据分析，以提供可广泛概括且不受主题影响的结果 对来自小样本或特定背景的偏差，允许解释交叉研究结果 社会历史背景。

This subproject takes full advantage of the opportunities for cross-study comparison of longitudinal studies in an international context to better understand lifespan contextual influences on later life cognitive and physical functioning. Our focus is on social determinants of individual differences In cognition and health, with emphasis on differential aging risk and exposure processes that affect physical and cognitive ability, cognitive reserve, and cognitive decline. However, because many argue that social factors do not affect age- related physical or cognitive outcomes, but rather select upon them, we will use counterfactual approaches, such as propensity score matching, in addition to standard analytic methods, including multi-level models, to Isolate the effects that socio-demographic processes play In cognition and physical functioning in later life. An important aspect of this project is replication and cross-study comparison of results across studies that differ in birth cohort, resources, geography, and culture. Therefore, this subproject will work closely with Core B to develop and utilize an international contextual database when evaluating results to help contextualize our results in a historically sensitive, comparative and rigorous meta-analytic framework. We will examine the competing and complementary effects of educational attainment, socioeconomic status, and childhood cognition on cognition in later life, and evaluate the role of social and contextual changes across successive birth cohorts. In addition, we will evaluate the Impact of work-related demands, age of retirement, and social class on subsequent level and change in cognitive and physical functioning. The subproject will emphasize inter-cohort and cross-national data analysis to provide results that are broadly generalizable and not subject to biases from small samples or particular contexts, permitting Interpretation of cross-study results In a sociohistorical context.