Integrative Analysis of Change in Cognition and Health

描述（由申请人提供）：该研究计划侧重于认知和健康方面与衰老相关的变化，并在健康和健康相关变化的背景下解释认知变化（即，发病率，合并症）。一个关键目标是确定除实际年龄以外的变化过程（即，简单的时间推移），其解释了认知功能的群体和个体水平的变化。将通过详细考虑健康指标（发病率和合并症）的人内变化和死亡前变化模式来确定变化过程。对理论的贡献包括关注健康作为与衰老有关的变化的因果因素，以及社会人口和心理社会影响在预测健康变化和调节健康认知联系方面的作用。使用一个人的角度来看，强有力的测试将认知老化的心理学理论（速度和感官调解，共同的原因），主要是在年龄差异的基础上发展。方法的特点包括推断确定的人口老龄化的个人有条件的死亡率选择，相关和耦合变化的多变量分析，估计变点，和跨国的普遍性。该项目汇集了来自21项关于老龄化的纵向研究的多学科研究人员团队。一个协调和协作的方法来综合理解老龄化，健康和认知将导致显着的收益，从这些纵向研究的知识，并允许识别和调和的差异，发现跨研究的测量，抽样，人口，社会和健康指标。这种广泛的合作具有广泛的多学科专业知识和跨学科的利益。在分析方案的制定过程中保持了观点的多样性，确保了结果的普遍性，并评估了结果对有关测量协调、分析和理论模型选择的决策的敏感性，同时最大限度地提高了每项研究的数据价值。这项研究计划的结果将为预防和干预工作提供依据，并通过确定与发病率和合并症相关的发病前和随后的变化以及这些变化的社会人口学和心理社会调节因素来告知卫生政策。通过早期识别预示随后功能丧失和死亡的变化点，将加强潜在的干预措施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This program of research focuses on aging-related changes in cognition and health, and in explaining cognitive change in the context of health and health-related change (i.e., morbidity, comorbidity). A key objective is to identify processes of change other than chronological age (i.e., simple passage of time) that account for population and individual-level change in cognitive functions. Identification of processes of change will proceed through detailed consideration of within-person change in health indicators (morbidity and comorbidity) and patterns of change prior to death. Contributions to theory include focused attention on health as a causal factor in aging-related changes and the role of sociodemographic and psychosocial influences in predicting changes in health and moderating the health-cognitive link. Using a within-person perspective, strong tests will be made of psychological theories of cognitive aging (speed and sensory mediation, common cause), developed primarily on the basis of age differences. Methodological features include inference to defined populations of aging individuals conditional on mortality-selection, multivariate analysis of correlated and coupled change, estimation of change-points, and cross-national generalizability. This project brings together multidisciplinary teams of investigators from 21 longitudinal studies on aging. A coordinated and collaborative approach to the integrative understanding of aging, health, and cognition will lead to significant gains in knowledge from these longitudinal studies and permit the identification and reconciliation of differences found across studies in terms of measurement, sampling, demographic, social, and health indicators. This broad collaboration has extensive multidisciplinary expertise and interdisciplinary interests. The diversity of perspectives is maintained in the development of analysis protocols, ensuring generalizability of results and evaluation of the sensitivity of results to decisions regarding measurement harmonization, analysis, and choice of theoretical models, while maximizing data value from each study. The findings from this research program will provide a basis for prevention and intervention efforts and inform health policy by identifying premorbid and subsequent changes associated with morbidity and comorbidity, and sociodemographic and psychosocial moderators of these changes. Potential interventions will be enhanced by early identification of change-points signaling subsequent loss of function and mortality.